1962 Bharat vs China Bharat ki help konse desh ne ki
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The Sino-Indian War, also known as the Indo-China War and Sino-Indian Border Conflict, was a war between China and India that occurred in 1962. A disputed Himalayan border was the main cause of the war, but other issues also played a role. There had been a series of violent border skirmishes between the two countries after the 1959 Tibetan uprising, when India granted asylum to the Dalai Lama. India initiated a defensive Forward Policy from 1960 to hinder Chinese military patrols and logistics, in which it placed outposts along the border, including several north of the McMahon Line, the eastern portion of the Line of Actual Control proclaimed by Chinese Premier Zhou Enlai in 1959.[10]
Sino-Indian War
China India Locator (1959).svg
The Sino-Indian War was fought between India and China.
Date 20 October[1] – 21 November 1962
(1 month and 1 day)
Location
Aksai Chin and North-East Frontier Agency, Assam
Result Chinese victory[2][3]
Belligerents
China
India
Commanders and leaders
Luo Ruiqing (chief of PLA staff)[4]
Zhang Guohua (field commander)[4]
Mao Zedong
(Chairman of the Communist Party of China)
Liu Shaoqi
(President of the People's Republic of China)[5]
Zhou Enlai
(Premier of the People's Republic of China)
Lin Biao
(Vice Chairman of the Communist Party of China)
Liu Bocheng
(Marshal of PLA)
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
(President of India)
Jawaharlal Nehru
(Prime Minister of India)
V. K. Krishna Menon
(Defence Minister of India)
General Pran Nath Thapar
(Chief of Army Staff of the Indian Army)
Brij Mohan Kaul
(Chief of General Staff of the Indian Army)
Lieutenant-General Lionel Protip Sen
(GOC-in-C, Eastern Command)
Major-General Anant Singh Pathania (GOC 4th Division)
Strength
China 80,000[6]
India 12,000[citation needed]
Casualties and losses
722 killed
548–1,047 wounded[7][8]
1,383 killed
1,696 missing
1,047 wounded
3,968 captured[7][9]
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Chinese military action grew increasingly aggressive after India rejected proposed Chinese diplomatic settlements throughout 1960-1962, with China re-commencing previously-banned "forward patrols" in Ladakh from April 30th 1962.[11] [12] China finally abandoned all attempts of peaceful resolution on 20 October 1962, invading disputed territory along the 3,225 kilometre- (2,000 mile-) long Himalayan border in Ladakh and across the McMahon Line.[13] Chinese troops advanced over Indian forces in both theatres, capturing Rezang La in Chushul in the western theatre, as well as Tawang in the eastern theatre. The war ended when China declared a ceasefire on 20 November 1962, and simultaneously announced its withdrawal to its claimed "Line of Actual Control".
Much of the fighting took place in harsh mountain conditions, entailing large-scale combat at altitudes of over 4,000 metres (14,000 feet).[14] The Sino-Indian War was also notable for the lack of deployment of naval and aerial assets by either China or India.
As the Sino-Soviet split heated up, Moscow made a major effort to support India, especially with the sale of advanced MiG fighter-aircraft. The United States and Britain refused to sell advanced weaponry to India, causing it to turn to the Soviet Union.[15]
This was the first war between India and China. Following the end of the war, both sides kept forward armed positions and a number of small clashes broke out, but no large-scale fighting ensued.