Question

2.1. Explain the teams,
(a) effective nuclear charge
(b) Screening effect .
and how they charge across a period and down the group​

Answer 1

Answer:

(a) The effective nuclear charge is the net charge an electron experiences in an atom with multiple electrons. The effective nuclear charge may be approximated by the equation:

Zeff = Z - S

Where Z is the atomic number and S is the number of shielding electrons.

Higher energy electrons can have other lower energy electrons between the electron and the nucleus, effectively lowering the positive charge experienced by the high energy electron.

(b) Screening Effect Definition: Screening effect is also known as the shielding effect. The phenomenon which occurs when the nucleus reduces its force of attraction on the valence electrons due to the presence of electrons in the inner-shell. This is known as a screening effect.

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