Question

2.4.
Compare and contrast the position of Human Rights in India & China.
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Answer 1

Answer:

Similarities:

China obviously because of the one child policy while India generally . Both societies are obsessed with fair skin, big coloured eyes and English . There is a huge difference in mentality , lifestyle , education level and facilities between major cities and rural areas of both the countries .

Differences:

The Biggest difference that we all probably know is -The Government body!! While China enjoys communist rule ; India has multiple party system.Although China is the most populated nation, but it also covers a huge land mass, while India which is only next to China in population is almost one third to China in area.

Hope this answer will help you.........

Answer 2

There are no much differences between human rights in China and India, although compared to China, India is in a better position when it comes to human rights

Explanation:

Similarities

India

• In India, human rights, despite its position as the greatest sovereign, liberal democratic republic in the world, are challenged by the nation's huge population, pervasive poverty, a lack of quality education and varied culture society.
• Human Rights Watch reported in 2016 that India has significant human rights issues. There is harassment of civil society organisations, and govt critics  are being exposed to threats and prosecution. Freedom of expression is being violated by both governments and stakeholder groups. Muslim and Christian communities accuse officials for not doing more to safeguard their rights.
• The Asian Human Rights Center estimated that over four deaths per day in police custody were reported from 2002 to 2008, with police torture as a reason of "hundreds" of those deaths. Accordingly, up to 50 percent of police officers in the country have used physical or mental harassment against prisoners according to a study from the "Punjab Institute of Correctional Administration". Incidents of violence have also been recorded in West Bengal, for instance, through the lack of sanitation, room or water.

China

• Human rights in China is "periodically reviewed" by the "UN Human Rights Committee (UNHRC)," and China is known have often abused human rights. NGOs include "Amnesty International" & "Human Rights Watch" and major policy agencies like the "United Nations"routinely offers evidence that the PRC restricts its residents & other "freedom of expression, movement and religion" within its jurisdiction.
• Several human rights organizations on mainland China have reported their opinions on China's human rights issues as being mismanaged  and mishandled by the govt and include concerns  such as the "death penalty" ("capital punishment'), one-child policy (where China had exempted ethnic minorities before repealing it in 2015), Tibet's legal and political status and a lack in press freedom, among many things. The lack of legal enforcement of civil rights and the absence of an "impartial judiciary", the rule of law and fair process are also points of concern.
• More human rights concerns include the absence of workers' rights (in particular the framework that limits the freedom of movement of migrant workers), lack of independent workers' unions, discrimination against ethnic minorities & rural workers and the lack of religious freedoms, among others.
• While the Constitution of 1982 guarantees freedom of expression, the govt also uses the protections of its constitution to prosecute those who criticise the government with "state power subversion" and "defense of state secrets"

Differences

China

• Freedom of the Internet: In mainland China there are more than 60 internet regulations & they monitor and control publication of internet. The PRC's / CPC 's Internet control device is considered more intense & advanced than any other nation of the world
• Freedom of Association: China does not permit the freedom of association in general, particularly in its granting to trade unions & political parties a free option of membership. They also do not permit freely citizens gathering for a cause even if it is without arms
• Freedom of Press: Critics contend that the CPC has struggled to deliver on the Chinese mainland media's freedom pledges. Within its annual press freedom review, including the study of 2014, Freedom House regularly rates China as "Not Free". The PRC's media is dominated by Communist Party Propaganda Department orders and are subject to extensive monitoring and punishment for violators instead of to pre-publication censorship.

India

• Freedom of the Internet: The Supreme Court has declared the Internet  freedom is a fundamental right. A govt cannot deprive the citizens of the fundamental rights but for under specific conditions that is expressly stated in the "Constitution".
• Freedom of Association: The Indian Constitution allows the freedom to assemble & the "freedom to associate". It gives  all citizens the right to "assemble peaceably" & "without arms". While it also accords all the citizens the right to "form associations" or "unions" or "cooperative societies"
• Freedom of Press: By using the term 'press,' the Indian Constitution lays down the 'right to freedom of speech and expression' (Article 19(1) A). Nevertheless, this right is subject, under the sub-clause, to restraint, which may be forbidden in relation to the "contempt, trial, slander or abetting of offences," by rendering India's liberty "integrity and sovereignty, state's security , friendly relations with foreign countries , public order & decency, retaining justice, and maintaining values."