Question

2. Differentiate between t

(a) Trapdoors and Superzaps
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Answer 1

Answer:

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Typically, trapdoor functions are used in asymmetric cryptography. For instance, if you have a RSA public key (n,e)(n,e), it is easy to compute a cipher text c=Pad(m)emodnc=Pad(m)emodn, but hard to get back to Pad(m)Pad(m) from cc even if you have the public key. In order to easily reverse the operation you need the corresponding private key d=e−1modϕ(n)d=e−1modϕ(n). The reason RSA is a trapdoor function in this sense, is because it is based on the hardness of the Integer Factorization Problem. You can't calculate the private exponent dd unless you know ϕ(n)ϕ(n), and you can't calculate ϕ(n)ϕ(n) unless you know the prime factors of nn.

AES and other symmetric ciphers are not trapdoor functions in this sense. You are only able to compute c=AESk(m)c=AESk(m) if you got the key kk, but if you got this key it is equally easy to compute m=AES−1k(c)

Answer 2

Answer:

trapdoor refer to the special routine of a program which allow a programmers to monitor storage area of memory (such as memory addresses ) or other technical details of system in order to check whether the program is performing correctly or not.

superzap refer to the special routine of the software which do not have regular control mechanisms and passwords.