Question

2) Ramesh uncles both kidneys are not working properly Doctors suggested them for alternative method suggest any method which wil work like kidney and how it works explain
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Answer 1

An alternative method that works like the kidney and its explanation: Hemodialysis

• In case of renal failure ( both kidneys do not carry out their function properly) like in the case of Ramesh Uncle in the given problem, an alternative method that can be used to replace the kidneys is by using an artificial kidney machine ( essentially a dialysis machine) which replaces the functions of the kidney by a process called as hemodialysis.
• In the kidneys, blood is filtered through pores in capillary walls to produce a filtrate that becomes the urine.
• In hemodialysis, the blood is channeled from an artery to an external filtering system (dialyzing machine) where there is a  net diffusion of waste molecules from the blood across a semipermeable membrane (like a porous cellophane membrane) into a fluid  called a dialysate( having a composition similar to that of plasma) due to the concentration gradient i.e. Higher concentration of nitrogenous waste in the blood and lower to nil in the dialysate.
• An anticoagulant like heparin is added to the blood to prevent coagulation before pumping it into the dialyzing machine.
• Once the blood is filtered it is circulated back into the body via a vein after the addition of anti heparin to it.