Question

23.1) Differentiate between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells on the basis of the following
a) Nuclear membrane
b) Membrane bound organelles
ii) Give one example each of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
(6) निम्नलिखित के आधार पर प्रोकैरियोटिक और यूकैरियोटिक कोशिकाओं के मध्य अंतर बतायें
(अ) नाभिकीय झिल्ली (ब)झिल्लीयुक्त कोशिकांग
(ii) प्रोकैरियोटिक तथा यूकैरियोटिक जीवों का एक-एक उदाहरण दें।
rnpairic​

Answer 1

Answer:

Prokaryotes?

According to the morphological point of view, prokaryotic cells are the most primitive cells. They do not have a definite nucleus which includes bacteria and cyanobacteria (blue-green algae). The chromatin bodies remain scattered inside the cytoplasm. In prokaryotes, asexual division occurs basically binary fission. Prokaryotes are smaller than eukaryotes. Do you know that the nucleus which does not have a nuclear membrane is known as nucleoid?

Eukaryotes?

It is believed that eukaryotes have been evolved from the prokaryotes. They have been characterised by their membrane nucleus. They contain organelles like mitochondria bounded by membranes and are located in the cytoplasm. That is they contain a definite nucleus. The chromatin bodies are enclosed by a nuclear membrane. Both asexual and sexual division occurs in eukaryotes. They are larger than prokaryotes and show better structural organisation and increased functional efficiency than prokaryotes.

Explanation:

Therefore, we can say that on the basis of genetic materials enclosed by a nuclear envelope, cells are divided into prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Prokaryotes don’t have membrane-bound organelles whereas eukaryotes have.

Answer 2

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यूकैरियोट्स

1. ऐसी कोशिकाएं जिसमें झिल्ली युक्त सुसठित केन्द्रक

पाया जाता है. उन्हें यूकैरियोट्स कहते हैं। |2. यूकैरियोट्स कोशिकाओं में झिल्लीयुक्त कोशिकांग

पाए जाते हैं।

3. उदाहरणः जीवाणु, नीले-हरे, शैवाल।

प्रोकैरियोट्स

1. ऐसी कोशिकाएँ जिसमें केन्द्रक पदार्थ केन्द्रक झिल्ली

के बिना होता है प्रोकैरियोट्स कोशिका कहलाती है। 2. प्रोकैरियोट्स कोशिकाओं में झिल्लीयुक्त कोशिकांग

नहीं पाए जाते हैं।

3. उदाहरण: जंतु तथा पादप कोशिका।

in English

Eukaryotes

1. Cells that have a membrane-containing nucleus

is found. They are called eukaryotes. 2. Membranous cell membrane in eukaryotes cells

are found.

3. Example: bacteria, blue-ha

Prokaryotes

1. Cells in which the nucleus contains the nucleus membrane

Prokaryotes are called cells.

2. Membranous cell membrane in prokaryotes cells

Are not found

3. Examples: animal and plant cells.

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