2ND PHASE OF INDIAN NATIONAL MOVEMENT PLS EXPLAIN!!!
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The closing decade of the 19th century and early years of the 20th century
witnessed the emergence of a new and younger group within the Indian National
Congress which was critical of the ideology and method of the old leadership.
These „angry young men‟ advocated adoption of Swaraj as the goal of the
Congress to be achieved by more self-reliant and independent methods. The new
group came to be called the Extremist Party in contrast to the older one which
began to be referred to as the Moderate Party.
The process of split in the Congress Party began when Lokamanya Tilak
clashed with the Moderates (also called Sudharaks) over the question of Social
Reforme. In July 1895 Tilak and his group ousted Ranade and Gokhale from the
control of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. Gokhale organised a separate political
association called „The Deccan Sabha‟. There was no love lost between Tilak and
Gokhale. Tilak outmanoeuvred Gokhale from national politics over the „apology
affair‟ and Gokhale was labelled a Kacha reed i.e. spineless fellow who could be
brow-beaten by the Government.
Tilak was made of a different stuff than most of the Congress leaders. He
was forthright in criticism of the Government and its policies and was prepared to
make sacrifices to get wrongs redressed. He was the first Congress leader to suffer
several terms of imprisonment for the sake of country. As early as 1882, for
criticising in strong language the treatment meted out to the Maharaja of Kolhapur,
the Government tried and sentenced Tilak to four months imprisonment. Again, in
1897 Tilak was charged with „exciting feelings of disaffection to the British
Government‟ and sent to jail for 18 months‟ R.I. At the Congress session at
Amraoti (Dec. 1897) the supporters of Tilak made an attempt to push a resolution
demanding the release of Tilak. The Moderate leaders who controlled the Congress
did not permit it. Similarly, the Moderates foiled the attempt of martyrdom at the
Congress session at Madras (Dec. 1898) and at the Lucknow session of the
Congress (Dec. 1899).
witnessed the emergence of a new and younger group within the Indian National
Congress which was critical of the ideology and method of the old leadership.
These „angry young men‟ advocated adoption of Swaraj as the goal of the
Congress to be achieved by more self-reliant and independent methods. The new
group came to be called the Extremist Party in contrast to the older one which
began to be referred to as the Moderate Party.
The process of split in the Congress Party began when Lokamanya Tilak
clashed with the Moderates (also called Sudharaks) over the question of Social
Reforme. In July 1895 Tilak and his group ousted Ranade and Gokhale from the
control of Poona Sarvajanik Sabha. Gokhale organised a separate political
association called „The Deccan Sabha‟. There was no love lost between Tilak and
Gokhale. Tilak outmanoeuvred Gokhale from national politics over the „apology
affair‟ and Gokhale was labelled a Kacha reed i.e. spineless fellow who could be
brow-beaten by the Government.
Tilak was made of a different stuff than most of the Congress leaders. He
was forthright in criticism of the Government and its policies and was prepared to
make sacrifices to get wrongs redressed. He was the first Congress leader to suffer
several terms of imprisonment for the sake of country. As early as 1882, for
criticising in strong language the treatment meted out to the Maharaja of Kolhapur,
the Government tried and sentenced Tilak to four months imprisonment. Again, in
1897 Tilak was charged with „exciting feelings of disaffection to the British
Government‟ and sent to jail for 18 months‟ R.I. At the Congress session at
Amraoti (Dec. 1897) the supporters of Tilak made an attempt to push a resolution
demanding the release of Tilak. The Moderate leaders who controlled the Congress
did not permit it. Similarly, the Moderates foiled the attempt of martyrdom at the
Congress session at Madras (Dec. 1898) and at the Lucknow session of the
Congress (Dec. 1899).
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