2nd puc science write a note on development of seed
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Seed
Seed is a fertilized ovule. Integuments of ovule harden to form Seed coat, however micropyle is still present on the seed coat.
Basic structure of a seed consists of the following parts:
Seed coat: Hard outer covering of the seed
Radicle: Root tip which later gives rise to the entire root system
Plumule: Shoot tip which later gives rise to the entire shoot system
Cotyledons: Seed leaves
Based on the number of cotyledons, there are 2 types of seeds:
Dicotyledonous seed: Seed with 2 cotyledons
Monocotyledonous seed: Seed with 1 cotyledon
A dicotyledonous seed has the following important parts:

Seed coat
Outer covering of the seed which is composed of 2 layers
Testa : thick outer layer
Tegmen: thin inner layer
Hilum
Scar on seed coat through which the seed was attached to the fruit
Micropyle
A small pore on the seed through which oxygen & water exchange occurs during seed germination
Cotyledons
Seed leaves
Food storage
Provide nourishment to the developing radicle & plumule
Radicle
Embryonic root
Plumule
Embryonic shoot
A monocotyledonous seed has the following important parts:

Seed coat
Fused with pericarp
Endosperm
Bulky part within which lies the small embryo
Massive & starchy endosperm
Aleurone layer
Special tissue surrounding the endosperm
Cotyledon
Single cotyledon termed as Scutellum
In contact with endosperm through an epithelial layer
Plumule
Embryonic shoot covered by protective layer Coleoptile
Radicle
Embryonic root covered by protective layer Coleorrhiza
Seeds are extremely useful in agriculture. Some of the important applications of seeds are:
Help plant species to be colonized in different areas
Provide nourishment to young seedlings
Ensure protection to the young embryo
Results in variations with new genetic combinations
Can be easily stored for future usage
Long term viability of most of the seeds
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