3. Give four examples of making natural resources
into more refined and valuable goods.
Answers
PHOSPHORUS.
FOREST.
OIL.
MINERALS.
IRON.
NATURAL GAS.
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Answer:
Natural resources are used as sources of raw materials to make goods and also to provide energy. Making goods and producing energy consumes large quantities of resources from the Earth. These resources are removed from the ground by mining. Mining includes digging ore out of the Earth which is refined to produce metals. It also includes drilling for liquids under the Earth. Most people think immediately of oil and petroleum resources. In some parts of the United States, such as Arizona, water is also removed by drilling. Finally, natural gas is removed from the Earth.
Anything that is removed from the ground is considered limited and will ultimately run out. In New Jersey we have very limited amounts of natural resources and we do not produce much in the way of raw materials. On the other hand, we consume a great deal of resources.
Producing natural resources
It is difficult to think of anything we have that cannot be traced ultimately back to natural resources and the mining process. Mining is an industry in which they dig into the ground and remove rocks that contain minerals. These metals contain the natural resources such as copper, zinc, iron and other metals. In the case of mineral ore, the rock is removed from the mine using trains and other conveyances.
Liquids such as petroleum are removed from the Earth by drilling wells. After the well is drilled, the oil is pumped out. The oil is the raw material which is refined to produce consumable products such as gasoline and heating oil. Many plastics are also derived from petroleum.
Using natural resources
Metals. Once the natural resources have been obtained from the ground, they have to be made into goods that are consumed. Metals are obtained from ore rocks by smelting. This involves heating them to very high temperature in a large furnace until the rocks and metals melt. The molten metal is purified, solidified and shipped to factories for use in manufacturing.
Coal. Coal is a mineral made of carbon. It is the remains of vast forests of trees that lived over 300 million years ago. Coal is mined from thr ground and used as fuel. When coal is burned it gives off heat which is used for a variety of purposes. During the early 20th century many people heated their houses with coal. It was also used for heating the stove for cooking in those days. It is widely used to generate electricity.
Petroleum. Crude oil is pumped out of wells that are dug into the ground. The crude oil is shipped to refineries where it is separated into its various components and products. Gasoline is a petroleum product. Plastics are made from petroleum, too. Oil is also burned to produce electricity.
Gas. Many oil wells also are sources of natural gas (methane). Gas is transported using large pipelines to various parts of the country. Gas is used in many homes for heating and cooking. It can also be used for generating electricity. It is important in certain manufacturing processes, for example making glass.
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