Question

3. With help of a neat labelled diagram, describe structure of chromosome.​

Answer 1

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Explanation:

Extra..

• What is a chromosome?
• In the nucleus of each cell, the DNA molecule is packaged into thread-like structures called chromosomes. Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around proteins called histones that support its structure.
• Chromosomes are not visible in the cell’s nucleus—not even under a microscope—when the cell is not dividing. However, the DNA that makes up chromosomes becomes more tightly packed during cell division and is then visible under a microscope. Most of what researchers know about chromosomes was learned by observing chromosomes during cell division.
• Each chromosome has a constriction point called the centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections, or “arms.” The short arm of the chromosome is labeled the “p arm.” The long arm of the chromosome is labeled the “q arm.” The location of the centromere on each chromosome gives the chromosome its characteristic shape, and can be used to help describe the location of specific genes.

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Answer 2

Explanation:

The chromosome is the condensed and compactly arranged structure of the DNA with the help of histone proteins H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. This is the structure which can be visible during the metaphase of cell division. This condensed packing allows the long DNA in the eukaryotes to be packed in the nucleus of the cell.

There are two arms known as the p-arm and the q-arm. There is a constriction which is known as the centromere where the kinetochore is formed for the attachment of the spindle fibres during the cell division. The position of the centromere decides the type of the chromosome as metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric and telocentric. There is telomere at the end of te arm which are highly condensed regions like the centromere. There are high condensed heterochromatin and less condensed euchromatin regions.

The diagram is attached below:

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