Question

35. Mention one important difference between the following:

(a) Cell wall and cell membrane (b) Nucleus and Nucleiod

(c) Mitosis and Meiosis (d) Chromatin and Chromosome

(e) Eukaryotic cell and Prokaryotic cell ​

Answer 1

Answer:

CELL WALL

CELL MEMBRANE

Present only in plants and in some fungi, bacteria, algae. Present in all types of cells, in humans, animals, plants, bacteria, etc.

It is the outermost part of the plant cell It is the outermost covering the animal cells

It is made up of pectin, chitin, lignin, glycoproteins, glycolipids, sugar, and cellulose. It is a lipid bilayer. And is composed of lipoproteins and carbohydrates.

The cell wall is 0.1 μm to several μm in thickness The cell membrane is 7.5–10 nm in thickness

It is the thick and rigid structure with a fixed shape. It is a thin and delicate structure. It is flexible to change the shape as needed.

It protects the cell from the external environment. It protects and maintains the internal environment of the cell.

The cell wall is metabolically inactive The cell membrane is metabolically active.

The cell wall grows in thickness over time. Further, it occupies the whole cell in the plant as the cell ages and dies. It is of the same thickness for the lifetime of the organism.

The cell wall is fully permeable to smaller molecules with the size of 30-60 kDa. The membrane is selectively permeable and controls the movement of the substance into and outside the cell.

Functions include protection from the external environment. Functions include permeability, signal reception, motility conduction, cell division, sexual reproduction, etc.

Answer 2

Answer:

(a) Cell wall and cell membrane - Cell wall is found only in plant cells and is made up of cellulose whereas cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells and is made up of lipids and proteins.

(e) Prokaryotes and eukaryotes - Eukaryotic cells contain membrane-bound organelles, including a nucleus. Eukaryotes can be single-celled or multi-celled, such as you, me, plants, fungi, and insects. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle.

Explanation:

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