4. Describe the forest ecosystem. Also, write about the types of forests.
5. Why do we need to conserve the ecosystem?
Answers
Answer:
4) Dry forests: These forests have a long dry season in which the trees lose leaves. Montane forests: These are also known as cloud forests as there occurs most precipitation from mist or fog that rises and mostly conifers are found here. ... Sub-tropical: These are found mostly in north and south of tropical forests.
5) Healthy ecosystems clean our water, purify our air, maintain our soil, regulate the climate, recycle nutrients and provide us with food. They provide raw materials and resources for medicines and other purposes. ... It's that simple: we could not live without these “ecosystem services”.
Explanation:
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answer 1)....
A forest ecosystem is a natural woodland unit consisting of all plants, animals and micro-organisms (Biotic components) in that area functioning together with all of the non-living physical (abiotic) factors of the environment. The forest ecosystem is very important.
the types of forests:----
--The Tropical forests
--The Temperate forests
--The Boreal or Taiga forests
1) The tropical forests:---
The Tropical forests mainly exist around the equator in places like South America, Africa, Amazon region, and Southeast Asia. They have the maximum species diversity per area in the world.
Here, it rains a lot throughout the year but the temperature remains stable around 27°C or 60° F. Generally, these forests have two seasons, namely rainy and dry.
The temperature, rainfall and twelve hours of daylight stimulate the growth of up to 100 different species of trees. Some of them are Broadleaf trees, mosses, ferns, palms, and orchids.
These trees grow very densely and block most of the light from penetrating into it. One can also find animals such as snakes, frogs, lizards, monkeys, anacondas, jaguars, and small mammals in these forests.
Due to nutrient leaching, the soil of these forests lacks maximum essential nutrients which in turn make it useless for agriculture only after a few years of use. Thus, the topsoil gets depleted soon.
The sub-categories of forests under Tropical Forests are:
--Evergreen forests: As the name suggests these forests have rains throughout the year and thus, have no dry season.
--Seasonal forests: In these forests, the vegetation is evergreen but these experience a short dry season. Broadleaf evergreen trees, deciduous trees, and thorn trees are usually found here.
--Dry forests: These forests have a long dry season in which the trees lose leaves.
--Montane forests: These are also known as cloud forests as there occurs most precipitation from mist or fog that rises and mostly conifers are found here.
--Tropical and subtropical coniferous: In these forests, the climate is dry and warm with conifers adapting to variable weather conditions.
Sub-tropical: These are found mostly in north and south of tropical forests. Here, the trees are adapted to resist summer drought.
2) The Temperate Forests:----
We can find temperate forests in North America, northeastern Asia, and Europe. In these forests, there are four seasons. Generally, the temperature here ranges from -30 to 30°C or -22 to 86° F.
Also, these forests receive rainfall of around 75-150cm or 30 -60 inches. Usually, one can find only 3-4 species of trees on an average per square km.
Deciduous or leaf shedding trees form a large proportion of trees. Coniferous trees such as pines and firs also grow here. Some of the common trees are oak, beech, elm, maple, birch, willow, and hickory.
Some of the commonly found animals are rabbits, birds, squirrels, deer, wolves, foxes, and bears. Both, the plants and the animals are adaptive to the cold winters and warm summer weather. The soil of these forests is fertile due to the combination of decaying fallen leaves and the moderate temperatures.
The sub-categories of forests under Temperate Forests are:
---Moist conifer and evergreen broad-leaved -forests: These forests have mild wet winters and dry summers.
--Dry conifer forests: They exist at higher elevations and have little rainfall
3)The Boreal or Taiga Forest:---
Usually, we can find them between 50 to 60 degrees of latitude in the sub-Arctic zone which comprises of Siberia, Scandinavia, Alaska, and Canada. These have two seasons namely, a short, moist and mildly-warm summer and a long, cold and dry winter.
The temperature here ranges from -40 to 20°C. One can find evergreen conifers here with needle leaves that are capable to stand the cold, such as pine, fir, and spruce trees.
Some of the animals that live here are deer, wolverines, caribou, bats, small mammals, birds, moose, bears, lynx, wolf, etc. that can bear long and cold winters. These animals usually have thick fur or other insulation.
However, the soil has a very thin layer and is poor in nutrients and acidic. Also, the canopy here does not allow the sunlight to penetrate into the ground and thus there is very little growth of the understory.
answer- 2) :----
Healthy ecosystems clean our water, purify our air, maintain our soil, regulate the climate, recycle nutrients and provide us with food. They provide raw materials and resources for medicines and other purposes.