4. Explain the following terms with
example.
a. Structural isomerism
b. Covalent bond
c. Hetero atom in a carbon
compound
d. Functional group
e. Alkane
f. Unsaturated hydrocarbon
g. Homopolumer
h. Monomer
i. Reduction
j. Oxydant
Answers
Answer:
a. Structural isomerism is a phenomenon in which the compounds have the same chemical formula but different structural formula .
*eg:- butane, isobutane
b. Covalent bond is the chemical bond formed by sharing of two Valence electrons between the two atoms.
c. An atom other than carbon or hydrogen in the structure of an organic compound, especially in a heterocyclic compound .
*eg- halogen, oxygen, nitrogen.
D. In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules. The same functional group will undergo the same or similar chemical reaction regardless of the size of the molecule it is a part of.
*eg- Methyl alcohol, acetic acid.
e. Alkanes have the general chemical formula CnH2n+2. They are saturated , having single bond.
*eg- methane (CH↓4)
f. The carbon compound having double bond or triple bond between two carbon atoms are called as unsaturated hydrocarbon.
*eg- ethyne, propene.
g.the polymer formed by repetition of single monomer is called as homopolymer.
*eg- polyethylene.
h. A small unit that repeat itself regularly to form a polymer is called as monomer.
*eg- ethylene (it repeats to form polyethylene).
i. In a chemical reaction, removal of oxygen from a compound or addition of hydrogen to a compound is called as reduction.
j. Substance that can give oxygen to other substance are called oxidants.
*eg- potassium permanganate, potassium dichromate.