4 Mark question... need long and easy answer point to point
Answers
Poor land reforms. No more than 4.9% of farmers control 32% of India’s farmland. A “large” farmer in India has 45 times more land than the “marginal” farmer.
Instability, as the agriculture in India is monsoon dependent which results in fluctuation of production year after year which ultimately leads to change in prices of food grains and other agricultural commodities.
Condition of Agriculture labourers. The problem of surplus labour and disguised employment is prevalent.
Most of the farmers in India are still relying on old techniques of farming. Proper crop protection protocols are not followed. Seed replacement rate is very low thus they end up sowing poor quality seeds.Still flooding is preferred over other improved methods of irrigation. Use of inefficient farm equipments.
XD Hope it will help you
1. Land holdings.... Small and fragmented land holdings net sown land is huge - 142.2 million hectares and total cropped area is 189.7 million hectares. But unfortunately due to very small and scattered holdings India as as agriculture country suffers.
2. Labor... A lot of migrations from villages to towns has happened in the recent decade and it is very difficult to get labor while sowing and harvesting even for small land holdings. For bigger landlords it is mechanisation which they are slowly getting used to.
3. Seeds.... Quality seeds is a far cry for majority of the farmers. They are so expensive that farmers almost give up on farming.
4. Soil erosion... Due to poor irrigation practices and wind there is quite some soil erosion which certainly needs attention.
5. Irrigation..... Although India is the second largest irrigated country after China only one third of the cropped area is under irrigation.