Question

4.
Write the functions performed by the following cell organelles.
(a) Endoplasmic Reticulum
(b) Golgi Complex
(c) Nucleus
(d) Chromoplasts
(e) Vacuoles
(f) Mitochondria

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Answer 1

Answer:

nucleus

Explanation:

because it is in cell

Answer 2

Answer:

Explanation:

(a) The ER plays a number of roles within the cell, from protein synthesis and lipid metabolism to detoxification of the cell. Cisternae, each of the small folds of the endoplasmic reticulum, are commonly associated with lipid metabolism. This creates the plasma membrane of the cell, as well as additional endoplasmic reticulum and organelles. They also appear to be important in maintaining the Ca2+ balance within the cell and in the interaction of the ER with mitochondria. This interaction also influences the aerobic status of the cell.

(b)The Golgi apparatus is responsible for transporting, adapting, and wrapping proteins as well as lipids into small vesicles. That is delivered to targeted destinations inside the cell. Inside the cell Golgi apparatus is in the cytoplasm succeeding to the endoplasmic reticulum and near to the nucleus of the cell.

(c)The function of the nucleus is to store a cells hereditary material or DNA which helps with and controls a cell’s growth, function, and reproduction. The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells and functions as the holder of a cells blueprint.

(d)Chloroplasts are the part of plant and algal cells that carry out photosynthesis, the process of converting light energy to energy stored in the form of sugar and other organic molecules that the plant or alga uses as food. Photosynthesis has two stages. In the first stage, the light-dependent reactions occur. These reactions capture sunlight through chlorophyll and carotenoids to form adenosine triphosphate (ATP, the energy currency of the cell) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), which carries electrons.

(e) vacuole is surrounded by the tonoplast, a type of cytoplasmic membrane that can stretch and fills itself with a solution known as cell sap. The vacuole also fill itself with protons from the cytosol, creating an acid environment inside of the cell. The vacuole can then use the chemical gradient created to transport materials in and out of the vacuole, a type of movement called proton motive force.

(f)Mitochondria produce ATP through process of cellular respiration—specifically, aerobic respiration, which requires oxygen. The citric acid cycle, or Krebs cycle, takes place in the mitochondria. This cycle involves the oxidation of pyruvate, which comes from glucose, to form the molecule acetyl-CoA. Acetyl-CoA is in turn oxidized and ATP is produced.

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