(5) Define the following:
(a) skeleton
(b) joint
(c) cartilage
(d) tendons
(e) ligaments
( f) Bones
(g) vertebral comun
(h) spinal cord
(i) floating ribs
(j) pelvic girdle
(6) differentiate between following:
(a) Ball and socket and gliding joint
(b) hinge and pivot joints
(c) Movable and immovable joint
(d) compact and spongy bones
(e) voluntary,involuntary and cardiac muscles
(7) (a) why do we release gas through the anus? (Hints: Bacteria in large intestine).
Answers
Explanation:
A:The human skeleton is the internal framework of the human body.
B:Joints are formed where bones come together. The six types of synovial joints are the pivot, hinge, saddle, plane, condyloid, and ball-and-socket joints. Pivot joints are found in your neck vertebrae, while hinge joints are located in your elbows, fingers, and knees.
C:Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue found in many parts of the body. It can bend a bit, but resists stretching. Its main function is to connect bones together. It is also found in the joints, the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the throat and between the bones of the back.
D:The main function of a tendon is to connect skeletal muscles to bones. Tendons are a type of connective tissue, and the primary building blocks of tendons are collagen fibers.
E:Ligament" most commonly refers to a band of dense regular connective tissue bundles made of collagenous fibers, with bundles protected by dense irregular connective tissue sheaths.
F:Bones are made up of connective tissue reinforced with calcium and specialised bone cells.
G:The vertebral column is a series of approximately 33 bones called vertebrae, which are separated by intervertebral discs. The column can be divided into five different regions, with each region characterised by a different vertebral structure.
H:The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue, which extends from the medulla oblongata in the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It encloses the central canal of the spinal cord, which contains cerebrospinal fluid.
Part of: Central nervous system
Latin: medulla spinalis
Artery: spinal artery
I :Floating rib: One of the last two ribs. A rib is said to be "floating" if it does not attach to the sternum (the breast bone) or to another rib. There are usually 12 pairs of ribs in all. Each pair of ribs is attached to the building blocks of the spine (the vertebrae) in the back.
J:The pelvic girdle, as I said above, is made up of three fused bones: the ischium, the ilium, and the pubis. The pubis forms the anterior part of the pelvic girdle. It is a flattened, irregular-shaped bone that articulates with the pubic symphysis, a cartilaginous joint.
Answer:
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