5. How are fats digested in our bodies? Where does this process take place?
6. What is the role of saliva in the digestion of food?
7. What are the necessary conditions for autotrophie nutrition and what are its by-
products
8. What are the differences between aerobic and anaerobice respiration? Name some
organisms that use the anaerobic mode of respiration
9. How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
10. What would be the consequences of a deficiency of haemoglobin in our bodies?
11. Describe double circulation in human beings. Why is it necessary?
12. What are the differences between the transport of materials in xylem and phloem?
13. Compare the functioning of alveoll in the lungs and nephrons in the kidneys with
respect to their structure and functioning
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Ans 5 : The bile salts (from the liver) break down the large fat globules into smaller globules so that the pancreatic enzyme lipase can easily act on them. This is referred to as emulsification of fats. This process takes place in the small intestine.
Ans 6 : The digestive functions of saliva include moistening food, and helping to create a food bolus, so it can be swallowed easily. Saliva contains the enzyme amylase that breaks some starches down into maltose and dextrin. Thus, digestion of food occurs within the mouth, even before food reaches the stomach.
Ans 7 : Autotrophic nutrition takes place through the process of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide, water, chlorophyll pigment, and sunlight are the necessary conditions required for autotrophic nutrition. Carbohydrates (food) and O2 are the by-products of photosynthesis.
Ans 8 : Aerobic respiration needs oxygen to occur, while anaerobic does not. ... During aerobic respiration, carbon dioxide, water, and ATP are produced. During anaerobic respiration, lactic acid, ethanol, and ATP are created. In anaerobic respiration, only 2 ATP are made, while 36 are made in aerobic respiration.
Ans 9 : The alveoli are thin walled and richly supplied with a network of blood vessels to facilitate exchange of gases between blood and the air filled in alveoli. They have balloon – like structure that provide maximum surface area for exchange of gases.
Ans 10 : Haemoglobin is the respiratory pigment that transports oxygen to the body cells for cellular respiration. Therefore, deficiency of haemoglobin in blood can affect the oxygen supplying capacity of blood which leads to deficiency of oxygen in the body cells. It can also lead to a disease called anaemia.
Ans 11 : During a single cycle blood goes twice in the heart which is known as double circulation. It is necessary in human being to separate oxygenated and de-oxygenated blood because this makes their circulatory system is more efficient and helps in maintaining constant body temperature.
Ans 12 : Xylem tissue helps in the transport of water and minerals. Phloem tissue helps in the transport of food. ... Transport in xylem requires physical forces such as transpiration pull. Transport of food in phloem requires energy in the form of ATP.
Ans 13 : Alveoli and lungs act as the structural and functional units of lungs and kidneys respectively. Alveoli occur in the respiratory system while the nephrons occur in the excretory system. The cell wall of alveoli and nephrons is thick and surrounded by blood capillaries.