Question

5. What do you understand by the Universal Logic Gates? Explain how the NOR gate can be used to derive the other logic gates.

Answer 1

Answer:

An universal gate is a gate which can implement any Boolean function without need to use any other gate type. The NAND and NOR gates are universal gates. In practice, this is advantageous since NAND and NOR gates are economical and easier to fabricate and are the basic gates used in all IC digital logic families.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

ANSWER:-

Any logic gate which can be combined into a set to realise all other logical functions is said to be a universal gate with a complete logic set being a group of gates that can be used to form any other logic function.

For example, AND and NOT constitute a complete set of logic, as does OR and NOT as cascading together an AND with a NOT gate would give us a NAND gate. Similarly cascading an OR and NOT gate together will produce a NOR gate, and so on. However, the two functions of AND and OR on their own do not form a complete logic set.

So by using these three Universal Logic Gates we can create a range of other Boolean functions and gates. However, the NAND and NOR gates are classed as minimal sets because they have the property of being a complete set in themselves since they can be used individually or together to construct many other logic circuits. Therefore we can define the complete sets of operations of the main logic gates as follows:

AND, OR and NOT (a Full Set)

AND and NOT (a Complete Set)

OR and NOT (a Complete Set)

NAND (a Minimal Set)

NOR (a Minimal Set)

Thus we can use these five sets of gates, together or individually as the building blocks to produce more complex logic circuits called combinational logic circuits. But first let us remind ourselves of the switching characteristics of the three basic logic gates, AND, OR and NOT.