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How does Internet work?
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The Internet works through a packet routing network in accordance with the Internet Protocol (IP), the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) and other protocols.
What’s a protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules specifying how computers should communicate with each other over a network. For example, the Transport Control Protocol has a rule that if one computer sends data to another computer, the destination computer should let the source computer know if any data was missing so the source computer can re-send it. Or the Internet Protocol which specifies how computers should route information to other computers by attaching addresses onto the data it sends.
What’s a packet?
Data sent across the Internet is called a message. Before a message is sent, it is first split in many fragments called packets. These packets are sent independently of each other. The typical maximum packet size is between 1000 and 3000 characters. The Internet Protocol specifies how messages should be packetized.
What’s a packet routing network?
It is a network that routes packets from a source computer to a destination computer. The Internet is made up of a massive network of specialized computers called routers. Each router’s job is to know how to move packets along from their source to their destination. A packet will have moved through multiple routers during its journey.
When a packet moves from one router to the next, it’s called a hop. You can use the command line-tool traceroute to see the list of hops packets take between you and a host.
Command-line utility traceroute showing all the hops between my computer and google’s servers
The Internet Protocol specifies how network addresses should be attached to the packet’s headers, a designated space in the packet containing its meta-data. The Internet Protocol also specifies how the routers should forward the packets based on the address in the header.
Where did these Internet routers come from? Who owns them?
These routers originated in the 1960s as ARPANET, a military project whose goal was a computer network that was decentralized so the government could access and distribute information in the case of a catastrophic event. Since then, a number of Internet Service Providers (ISP) corporations have added routers onto these ARPANET routers.
There is no single owner of these Internet routers, but rather multiple owners: The government agencies and universities associated with ARPANET in the early days and ISP corporations like AT&T and Verizon later on.
Asking who owns the Internet is like asking who owns all the telephone lines. No one entity owns them all; many different entities own parts of them.
Do the packets always arrive in order? If not, how is the message re-assembled?
The packets may arrive at their destination out of order. This happens when a later packet finds a quicker path to the destination than an earlier one. But packet’s header contains information about the packet’s order relative to the entire message. The Transport Control Protocol uses this info for reconstructing the message at the destination.
Do packets always make it to their destination?
The Internet Protocol makes no guarantee that packets will always arrive at their destinations. When that happens, it’s called called a packet loss. This typically happens when a router receives more packets it can process. It has no option other than to drop some packets.
However, the Transport Control Protocol handles packet loss by performing re-transmissions. It does this by having the destination computer periodically send acknowledgement packets back to the source computer indicating how much of the message it has received and reconstructed. If the destination computer finds there are missing packets, it sends a request to the source computer asking it to resend the missing packets.
When two computers are communicating through the Transport Control Protocol, we say there is a TCP connection between them.
What do these Internet address
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What’s a protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules specifying how computers should communicate with each other over a network. For example, the Transport Control Protocol has a rule that if one computer sends data to another computer, the destination computer should let the source computer know if any data was missing so the source computer can re-send it. Or the Internet Protocol which specifies how computers should route information to other computers by attaching addresses onto the data it sends.
What’s a packet?
Data sent across the Internet is called a message. Before a message is sent, it is first split in many fragments called packets. These packets are sent independently of each other. The typical maximum packet size is between 1000 and 3000 characters. The Internet Protocol specifies how messages should be packetized.
What’s a packet routing network?
It is a network that routes packets from a source computer to a destination computer. The Internet is made up of a massive network of specialized computers called routers. Each router’s job is to know how to move packets along from their source to their destination. A packet will have moved through multiple routers during its journey.
When a packet moves from one router to the next, it’s called a hop. You can use the command line-tool traceroute to see the list of hops packets take between you and a host.
Command-line utility traceroute showing all the hops between my computer and google’s servers
The Internet Protocol specifies how network addresses should be attached to the packet’s headers, a designated space in the packet containing its meta-data. The Internet Protocol also specifies how the routers should forward the packets based on the address in the header.
Where did these Internet routers come from? Who owns them?
These routers originated in the 1960s as ARPANET, a military project whose goal was a computer network that was decentralized so the government could access and distribute information in the case of a catastrophic event. Since then, a number of Internet Service Providers (ISP) corporations have added routers onto these ARPANET routers.
There is no single owner of these Internet routers, but rather multiple owners: The government agencies and universities associated with ARPANET in the early days and ISP corporations like AT&T and Verizon later on.
Asking who owns the Internet is like asking who owns all the telephone lines. No one entity owns them all; many different entities own parts of them.
Do the packets always arrive in order? If not, how is the message re-assembled?
The packets may arrive at their destination out of order. This happens when a later packet finds a quicker path to the destination than an earlier one. But packet’s header contains information about the packet’s order relative to the entire message. The Transport Control Protocol uses this info for reconstructing the message at the destination.
Do packets always make it to their destination?
The Internet Protocol makes no guarantee that packets will always arrive at their destinations. When that happens, it’s called called a packet loss. This typically happens when a router receives more packets it can process. It has no option other than to drop some packets.
However, the Transport Control Protocol handles packet loss by performing re-transmissions. It does this by having the destination computer periodically send acknowledgement packets back to the source computer indicating how much of the message it has received and reconstructed. If the destination computer finds there are missing packets, it sends a request to the source computer asking it to resend the missing packets.
When two computers are communicating through the Transport Control Protocol, we say there is a TCP connection between them.
What do these Internet address
I hope its help you plzz mark me brainliest ans and follow me
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Networks
The internet is actually a network. A network is a bunch of computers that are connected together to transfer information from place to place. These connections extend all over the globe in a variety of ways. There are wireless radio connections, copper cables, fiber-optic cables, and satellite links that help transmit information from computer to computer.
The internet also needs hardware to operate. This hardware can include a lot of different things, such as cables, computers, smartphones, central processing units, and hard drives, to name just a few. Hardware also serves as the end point of the communication line.
Message Service and More
The internet is the fastest message service that we have available. It operates kind of like the post office. You type in the address of who you want a message to go to, and because the destination has an address your message will go to the right to the place. This can be accomplished in several ways. There's instant messaging services, email, message boards, and social networking. We can reply to people and have them see our messages instantly! The internet is also useful for search engines, such as Google or Yahoo. They function like a mini library, finding websites that can help you find the answers to your questions.
The internet is actually a network. A network is a bunch of computers that are connected together to transfer information from place to place. These connections extend all over the globe in a variety of ways. There are wireless radio connections, copper cables, fiber-optic cables, and satellite links that help transmit information from computer to computer.
The internet also needs hardware to operate. This hardware can include a lot of different things, such as cables, computers, smartphones, central processing units, and hard drives, to name just a few. Hardware also serves as the end point of the communication line.
Message Service and More
The internet is the fastest message service that we have available. It operates kind of like the post office. You type in the address of who you want a message to go to, and because the destination has an address your message will go to the right to the place. This can be accomplished in several ways. There's instant messaging services, email, message boards, and social networking. We can reply to people and have them see our messages instantly! The internet is also useful for search engines, such as Google or Yahoo. They function like a mini library, finding websites that can help you find the answers to your questions.
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