6. Explain A = C + L.
Answers
Explanation:
The fundamental accounting equation, also called the balance sheet equation, represents the relationship between the assets, liabilities, and owner's equity of a person or business. It is the foundation for the double-entry bookkeeping system. For each transaction, the total debits equal the total credits. It can be expressed as furthermore:
{\displaystyle {\text{Assets}}={\text{Liabilities}}+{\text{Equity}}}{\displaystyle {\text{Assets}}={\text{Liabilities}}+{\text{Equity}}} [1][2]
{\displaystyle A=L+E}{\displaystyle A=L+E}
{\displaystyle {\text{Assets}}={\text{Stockholder Equity}}+{\text{Liabilities}}}{\displaystyle {\text{Assets}}={\text{Stockholder Equity}}+{\text{Liabilities}}} [1][3]
{\displaystyle a=oe+l}{\displaystyle a=oe+l}
In a corporation, capital represents the stockholders' equity. Since every business transaction affects at least two of a company's accounts, the accounting equation will always be "in balance", meaning the left side of its balance sheet should always equal the right side. Thus, the accounting formula essentially shows that what the firm owns (its assets) is purchased by either what it owes (its liabilities) or by what its owners invest (its shareholders' equity or capital); note that the profits earned by the company, is ultimately owned by its owners.
The formula can be rewritten:
Assets - Liabilities = (Shareholders' or Owners' Equity)[1]
Now it shows owners' equity is equal to property (assets) minus debts (liabilities). Since in a corporation owners are shareholders, owner's equity is called shareholders' equity. Every accounting transaction affects at least one element of the equation, but always balances. Simple transactions also include:[4]
Transaction
Number Assets Liabilities Equity Explanation
1 + 6,000 + 6,000 Issuing stocks for cash or other assets
2 + 10,000 + 10,000 Buying assets by borrowing money (taking a loan from a bank or simply buying on credit)
3 − 900 − 900 Selling assets for cash to pay off liabilities: both assets and liabilities are reduced
4 + 1,000 + 400 + 600 Buying assets by paying cash by shareholder's money (600) and by borrowing money (400)
5 + 700 + 700 Earning revenues
6 − 200 − 200 Paying expenses (e.g. rent or professional fees) or dividends
7 + 100 − 100 Recording expenses, but not paying them at the moment
8 − 500 − 500 Paying a debt that you owe
9 0 0 0 Receiving cash for sale of an asset: one asset is exchanged for another; no change in assets or liabilities
These are some simple examples, but even the most complicated transactions can be recorded in a similar way. This equation is behind debits, credits, and journal entries.
This equation is part of the transaction analysis model,[5] for which we also write
Owner's equity = Contributed Capital + Retained Earnings
Retained Earnings = Net Income − Dividends
and
Net Income = Income − Expenses
The equation resulting from making these substitutions in the accounting equation may be referred to as the expanded accounting equation, because it yields the breakdown of the equity component of the equation.[6]
Assets = Liabilities + Contributed Capital + Revenue - Expenses - Dividends
Answer:
Thus, the accounting formula essentially shows that what the firm owns (its assets) is purchased by either what it owes (its liabilities) or by what its owners invest (its shareholders' equity or capital); note that the profits earned by the company, is ultimately owned by its owners...........