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GIVE TWO REASON FOR THE
GROWTH OF EARLY CITES?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Answer: Causes of Urban Growth: Urban growth poses many problems, some of which are due to expansion of the population and some due to the physical expansion of the towns. The reasons for the growth of urban areas include: A lack of employment opportunities in the countryside
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Answer:
(i) Surplus Resources
“Cities grow wherever a society, or a group within it, gains control over resources greater than are necessary for the mere sustenance of life.” In ancient times these resources were acquired through subjugation of man by man. Slavery, forced labour or Taxation by the ruling or conquering class supplied the foundations of the growth of city life. In modern Limes man has won over nature and extended his power.
He has exploited the natural resources Lo such a great extent through technological improvements that now relatively few people can supply the basic needs of many. The extension of man’s power over nature, especially in the western countries, has been the primary condition of the modern growth of cities and city population.
(ii) Industrialisation and Commercialization
The urban growth has also been greatly stimulated by the new techniques of production associated with industrial revolution. The invention of machinery, the development of steam power, and the application of huge capital in industrial enterprises led to the establishment of gigantic manufacturing plants which brought about the mobility of immobile groups of workers hastening their concentration around a factory area.
For the sake of working with others and of high wages men abandoned rural work and streamed into the industrial cities. Thus, Jamshedpur, a steel centre in India, Chicago, Liverpool, Manchester, Glasgow became the big industrial cities of the world. With the coming of mechanical power, a new geographical shift has been made.
Formerly, aggregations of peoples were found along the river valleys, where the land was fertile and flat. But today they are found near the sources of coal and iron. The use of scientific methods and of machinery driven by electricity or the combustion engine in production of goods has now enabled one-quarter of population to support the other three quarters, whereas a century ago three-quarters were required to feed one-quarter. Cities now grow without much reference to the agricultural lands.
While industrialization has stimulated city growth, trade and commerce also have played an important part in urban expansion. In ancient civilizations too cities grew wherein goods were distributed and commercial transactions were carried. Thus, Athens, Sparta, Venice, Pataliputra (Modern Patna) were great trading centres.
In modern times, the development of modern marketing institutions and of methods of exchange has greatly contributed to the growth of cities. Today face to face commercial transactions need not be carried in big cities but the mere fact that a large percentage of their residents are engaged in “paper” enterprises is a significant factor to add to the city growth.