Question

6 metals with physical and chemical properties and uses

Answer 1

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1.Lithium

Atomic number - 3
Atomic mass - 6.941 g.mol -1
Electronegativity according to Pauling - 1.0
Density- 0.53 g.cm -3 at 20 °C
Melting point- 180.5 °C
Boiling point- 1342 °C
Vanderwaals radius- 0.145 nm
Ionic radius- 0.06 nm
Isotopes- 2
Electronic shell- 1s22s1 or [He] 2s1
Energy of first ionisation- 520.1 kJ.mol -1
Standard potential- - 3.02 V
Discovered by Johann Arfvedson in 1817

2. Iron

Atomic number:

26

Atomic mass:

55.85 g.mol -1

Electronegativity according to Pauling:
1.8

Density:
7.8 g.cm-3 at 20°C

Melting point:
1536 °C

Boiling point:
2861 °C

Vanderwaals radius:

0.126 nm

Ionic radius:

0.076 nm (+2) ; 0.064 nm (+3)

Isotopes:
8

Electronic shell :

[ Ar ] 3d6 4s2

Energy of first ionisation:

761 kJ.mol -1

Energy of second ionisation:

1556.5 kJ.mol -1

Energy of third ionisation:

2951 kJ.mol -1

Standard potential :
- o.44 V (Fe2+/ Fe ) ; 0.77 V ( Fe3+/ Fe2+ )

3. Helium

Atomic number:
2
Atomic mass:
4.00260 g.mol -1
Electronegativity according to Pauling:
unknown
Density:
0.178*10 -3 g.cm -3 at 20 °C
Melting point:
- 272.2 (26 atm) °C
Boiling point:
- 268.9 °C
Vanderwaals radius:
0.118 nm
Isotopes-
2
Electronic shell:
1s 2
Energy of first ionisation:
2372 kJ.mol -1
Discovered by - Sir Ramsey in 1895

4. Hydrogen