6.State the basic difference between the process of respiration and photosynthesis.
7.What advantage over an aquatic organism does a terrestrial organism have with
regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration?
8. Why are lungs divided into very small sac-like structures called alveoli?
9.What will happen if the diaphragm of a person gets ruptured in an accident?
10.What is the role of cartilaginous rings on trachea?
11.Explain how does the exchange of gases occur in plants across the surface of stems, roots and leaves.
12.How are the alveoli designed to maximise the exchange of gases?
13.What is meant by breathing? What happens to the rate of breathing during
vigorous exercise and why?
14.How is respiration different in plants and animals?
15.Why is respiration considered an exothermic process?
Answers
Answer:
1. Difference between photosynthesis and respiration is that photosynthesis utilizes carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to produce glucose and oxygen, whereas respiration uses oxygen and glucose to power the activities of the cell.
2. A terrestrial animal has over an aquatic animal with regard to obtaining oxygen for respiration. It's because the air in the atmosphere contains the maximum amount of oxygen. Oxygen level is high in the atmosphere when compared to oxygen in the water.
3.Lungs are divided into small sac like structures called alveoli to increase the surface area for exchange of gases between lungs and blood.
4.If diaphragm gets rupture in an accident then person can't breathe properly. therefore person may die due to shortness of breathing.
5. In the trachea, or windpipe, there are tracheal rings, also known as tracheal cartilages. Cartilage is strong but flexible tissue. The tracheal cartilages help support the trachea while still allowing it to move and flex during breathing.
6.The exchange of gases through the stomatal pore is dependent upon the turgidity of the guard cells. Stomata are mainly present on the surface of the leaves apart from the epidermal surface of young stem. In roots stomatal pores as well as lenticels are absent, exchange of gases occurs through root hairs.
7 .The alveoli are thin-walled and richly supplied with a network of blood vessels to facilitate the exchange of gases between blood and the air-filled in alveoli. They have a balloon-like structure that provides maximum surface area for exchange of gases.
8. The rate of breathing increases during vigorous exercise. This is because the body needs more energy which can be released only if greater amounts of oxygen reach the cells. For this purpose, the rate of breathing increases. ( This will increase the supply of oxygen to the cells).
9.Plants do not breathe, they only respire through their leaves. Animals breathe air for cellular respiration. Carbon dioxide released during respiration is utilized by plants for the photosynthesis process. In night-time, plants take in oxygen and give out the carbon dioxide produced by respiration.
10.Any reaction that evolves heat as a by-product of the reaction is called an exothermic reaction. Therefore, respiration is an exothermic reaction and the heat produced is distributed throughout the body as energy and that is the reason when we breathe out or breath is warm.
Explanation: