6. Write a few lines to show what you know about:
1. kulaks
2. the Duma
3. women workers between 1900 and 1930
4. the Liberals
5. Stalin's collectivisation programme.
Answers
Q1. Kulak was the term used towards the end of the Russian Empire to describe peasants with over 8 acres (3.2 hectares) of land. In the early Soviet Union, particularly Soviet Russia and Azerbaijan, kulak became a vague reference to property ownership among peasants who were considered "hesitant" allies of the revolution. In 1930–31 in Ukraine also existed a term of pidkurkulnyk (almost wealthy peasant).
Q2. A duma (дума) was a Russian assembly with advisory or legislative functions. The term comes from the Russian verb думать (dumat’) meaning "to think" or "to consider". The first formally constituted duma was the State Duma introduced into the Russian Empire by Tsar Nicholas II in 1905. Tsar had an absolute veto for dismissal of State Duma at any time for a suitable reason.The Tsar dismissed the first duma within 75 days and elected a second duma within three months. It was dissolved in 1917 during the Russian Revolution. Since 1993, the State Duma has been the lower legislative house of the Russian Federation.
Q3. Women workers between 1900 and 1930:
(i) Woman made-up 31 per cent of the factory labour force by 1914, but they were paid less than men. (ii) Women were also involved in strikes. For example lockout on 22 February was largely organized by women-workers they also worked in state controlled collective farms.
Q4.
The Liberal Party was one of the two major political parties in the United Kingdom with the opposing Conservative Party in the 19th and early 20th centuries.The party arose from an alliance of Whigs and free trade-supporting Peelites and the reformist Radicals in the 1850s. By the end of the 19th century, it had formed four governments under William Gladstone. Despite being divided over the issue of Irish Home Rule, the party returned to government in 1905 and then won a landslide victory in the following year's general election.
Q5.
The Soviet Union implemented the collectivization (Russian: Коллективизация) of its agricultural sector between 1928 and 1940 during the ascension of Joseph Stalin. Planners regarded collectivization as the solution to the crisis of agricultural distribution (mainly in grain deliveries) that had developed from 1927.