7. (a) Write the names of the functional groups in:
R
R
0
C=0
(ii)
R
H
(b) Describe a chemical test to distinguish
between ethanol and ethanoic acid.
(C) Write a chemical equation to represent
what happens when hydrogen gas is passed
through an unsaturated hydrocarbons in the
presence of nickel as a catalyst.
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(b) This test works to distinguish between any alcohol and carboxylic acid.
You just add a small amount of sodium carbonate or sodium hydrogencarbonate (works just as well with other metals in the salt, i.e. potassium carbonate).
Due to the carbonate or hydrogencarbonate ion, and the hydrogen ion that dissociates from the carboxylic acid, it will form water and carbon dioxide, which can be shown by fizzing.
However, an alcohol doesn't have the property of a dissociating hydrogen ion, and so cannot react to form carbon dioxide and water.
(c) CH3CH = CH2 + HCl → CH3C+HCH3 + Cl− → CH3CHClCH3
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