8. Define magnification. Write the sign convention used for expressing it & find magnification formed by a concave lens of focal length 20 cm & the object is at 15 cm.
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Magnification is the ratio of the image distance to the object distance. On the other hand, magnification can be defined as the ratio of the image height to the object height. If the magnification is negative sign, it means that the linear magnification creates a real image which is inverted.
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