8.What is the need for a system of control and coordination in an organism?
9. How are involuntary actions and reflex actions different from each other?
11.Compare and contrast nervous and hormonal mechanisms for control and coordination in animals
Answers
Answer:
8. There are various organs in an organism. These organs must be carefully controlled and coordinated for the survival of an organisms. In the body of an organism various fluids are secreted from the glands of the endocrine system. These hormones are responsible for the overall growth and development of an organism.
9. Involuntary action is the set of muscle movement which do not require thinking. But it is controlled by brain for example beating of heart beat. While on the other hand, the reflex action is rapid and spontaneous action in response to any stimulus which doesn't involve brain.
11. Difference between nervous and hormonal mechanisms:
Nervous system Hormonal system
1. It consists of central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). 1. It consists of endocrine glands.
2. A neuron is the structural and functional unit of the nervous system. It consists of dendrites, axon and soma. Dendrites are the small extension of nerve cells that receives signals from sensory receptors or other neurons. The long extension of the cell body of the nerve cell is called as axon that serves to conduct the nerve impulse away from the cell body/soma.
2. The endocrine secretion of glands (hormones) is released directly into the blood to affect the target cells.
3. Nerve impulses are not specific in their actions. 3. Hormones exhibit specific effect by affecting only target cells that carry the specific receptors.
4. Neural responses are quick and short lived. 4. Hormonal effects are the slow but long term.
5. The flow of information is rapid. 5. The flow of information is slow.
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