Question

8.
Write short notes on each of the following:
i. Wi-Fi
ii. Modem
iii. Cluster Area Network​

Answer 1

Answer:

1.ᴡɪ-ғɪ ᴀʟʟᴏᴡs ʟᴏᴄᴀʟ ᴀʀᴇᴀ ɴᴇᴛᴡᴏʀᴋs (ʟᴀɴs) ᴛᴏ ᴏᴘᴇʀᴀᴛᴇ ᴡɪᴛʜᴏᴜᴛ ᴄᴀʙʟᴇs ᴀɴᴅ ᴡɪʀɪɴɢ, ᴍᴀᴋɪɴɢ ɪᴛ ᴀ ᴘᴏᴘᴜʟᴀʀ ᴄʜᴏɪᴄᴇ ғᴏʀ ʜᴏᴍᴇ ᴀɴᴅ ʙᴜsɪɴᴇss ɴᴇᴛᴡᴏʀᴋs. ᴡɪ-ғɪ ᴄᴀɴ ᴀʟsᴏ ʙᴇ ᴜsᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ᴘʀᴏᴠɪᴅᴇ ᴡɪʀᴇʟᴇss ʙʀᴏᴀᴅʙᴀɴᴅ ɪɴᴛᴇʀɴᴇᴛ ᴀᴄᴄᴇss ғᴏʀ ᴍᴀɴʏ ᴍᴏᴅᴇʀɴ ᴅᴇᴠɪᴄᴇs, sᴜᴄʜ ᴀs ʟᴀᴘᴛᴏᴘs, sᴍᴀʀᴛᴘʜᴏɴᴇs, ᴛᴀʙʟᴇᴛ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴜᴛᴇʀs, ᴀɴᴅ ᴇʟᴇᴄᴛʀᴏɴɪᴄ ɢᴀᴍɪɴɢ ᴄᴏɴsᴏʟᴇs.

2.ᴀ ᴍᴏᴅᴇᴍ – ᴀ ᴘᴏʀᴛᴍᴀɴᴛᴇᴀᴜ ᴏғ "ᴍᴏᴅᴜʟᴀᴛᴏʀ-ᴅᴇᴍᴏᴅᴜʟᴀᴛᴏʀ" – ɪs ᴀ ʜᴀʀᴅᴡᴀʀᴇ ᴅᴇᴠɪᴄᴇ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ᴄᴏɴᴠᴇʀᴛs ᴅᴀᴛᴀ ɪɴᴛᴏ ᴀ ғᴏʀᴍᴀᴛ sᴜɪᴛᴀʙʟᴇ ғᴏʀ ᴀ ᴛʀᴀɴsᴍɪssɪᴏɴ ᴍᴇᴅɪᴜᴍ sᴏ ᴛʜᴀᴛ ɪᴛ ᴄᴀɴ ʙᴇ ᴛʀᴀɴsᴍɪᴛᴛᴇᴅ ғʀᴏᴍ ᴏɴᴇ ᴄᴏᴍᴘᴜᴛᴇʀ ᴛᴏ ᴀɴᴏᴛʜᴇʀ .

3ᴀʟsᴏ ᴄᴀʟʟᴇᴅ ᴄᴏɴᴛʀᴏʟʟᴇʀ ᴀʀᴇᴀ ɴᴇᴛᴡᴏʀᴋ, ᴏʀ sᴏᴍᴇᴛɪᴍᴇs ᴄʟᴜsᴛᴇʀ ᴀʀᴇᴀ ɴᴇᴛᴡᴏʀᴋ. ᴀ ᴄᴀᴍᴘᴜs ᴀʀᴇᴀ ɴᴇᴛᴡᴏʀᴋ ᴋɴᴏᴡɴ ᴀs (ᴄᴀɴ) ɪs ᴜsᴇᴅ ᴛᴏ ɪɴᴛᴇʀ-ᴄᴏɴɴᴇᴄᴛ ɴᴇᴛᴡᴏʀᴋs ɪɴ ʟɪᴍɪᴛᴇᴅ ɢᴇᴏɢʀᴀᴘʜɪᴄᴀʟ ʟᴏᴄᴀʟɪᴛʏ ʟɪᴋᴇ ᴜɴɪᴠᴇʀsɪᴛʏ ᴄᴀᴍᴘᴜs, ᴍɪʟɪᴛᴀʀʏ ʙᴀsᴇs, ᴏʀ ᴏʀɢᴀɴɪᴢᴀᴛɪᴏɴᴀʟ ᴄᴀᴍᴘᴜsᴇs ᴇᴛᴄ.

Answer 2

Answer:

• Wifi - WiFi is a universal wireless networking technology that utilizes radio frequencies to transfer data. WiFi allows high-speed Internet connections without the use of cables.
• The term WiFi is a contraction of "wireless fidelity" and commonly used to refer to wireless networking technology. The WiFi Alliance claims rights in its uses as a certification mark for equipment certified to 802.11x standards.
• WiFi is a freedom – freedom from wires. It allows you to connect to the Internet from just about anywhere — a coffee shop, a hotel room, or a conference room at work. What’s more – it is almost 10 times faster than a regular dial-up connection. WiFi networks operate in the unlicensed 2.4 radio bands, with an 11 Mbps (802.11b) or 54 Mbps (802.11a) data rate, respectively.
• Modem = Modem is short for "Modulator-Demodulator." It is a hardware component that allows a computer or another device, such as a router or switch, to connect to the Internet. It converts or "modulates" an analog signal from a telephone or cable wire to digital data (1s and 0s) that a computer can recognize. Similarly, it converts digital data from a computer or other device into an analog signal that can be sent over standard telephone lines.
• The first modems were "dial-up," meaning they had to dial a phone number to connect to an ISP. These modems operated over standard analog phone lines and used the same frequencies as telephone calls, which limited their maximum data transfer rate to 56 Kbps. Dial-up modems also required full use of the local telephone line, meaning voice calls would interrupt the Internet connection.
• Modern modems are typically DSL or cable modems, which are considered "broadband" devices. DSL modems operate over standard telephone lines, but use a wider frequency range. This allows for higher data transfer rates than dial-up modems and enables them to not interfere with phone calls. Cable modems send and receive data over standard cable television lines, which are typically coaxial cables.
• Cluster Area Network - A computer cluster is a set of loosely or tightly connected computers that work together so that, in many respects, they can be viewed as a single system. Unlike grid computers, computer clusters have each node set to perform the same task, controlled and scheduled by software.
• The components of a cluster are usually connected to each other through fast local area networks, with each node (computer used as a server) running its own instance of an operating system. In most circumstances, all of the nodes use the same hardware[1][better source needed] and the same operating system, although in some setups (e.g. using Open Source Cluster Application Resources (OSCAR)), different operating systems can be used on each computer, or different hardware.[2]
• Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and availability over that of a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed or availability.[3]

Computer clusters emerged as a result of convergence of a number of computing trends including the availability of low-cost microprocessors, high-speed networks, and software for high-performance distributed computing.

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