Question

9. What is PMA used for and mention its function and its concentration when it is used?
10. Name the three pigments in chloroplasts. Why are they not visible?​

Answer 1

9)

PMA on the other hand is a small organic compound which diffuses through the cell membrane into the cytoplasm, where it directly activates Protein Kinase C (PKC) omitting the ‘need’ of surface receptor stimulation. Ionomycin, a calcium ionophor, is used in addition to trigger calcium release which you need for NFAT signalling.

10)

Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, α- and β-carotenes and violaxanthin are found to be the main chlorophylls and carotenoids, respectively, while the presence of lutein and zeaxanthin in this chloroplast is in low amount.

THANKS❤

Answer 2

Answer:

Any advice on the optimal concentrations of PMA and Ionomycin to use in cell culture for thawed human PBMCs which are being stimulated for 4 hours for a multicolour T cell flow experiment. Stimulating in a 96 well plate, 1 million cells in 100ul. Literature is quite variable. Any recommendations would be greatly appreciated

Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, α- and β-carotenes and violaxanthin are found to be the main chlorophylls and carotenoids, respectively, while the presence of lutein and zeaxanthin in this chloroplast is in low amount.