Question

A bottle contains two immiscible liquids. Which is the best method to separate them ?

Answer 1

Depends on the two liquids: if they are miscible (mix or dissolve in each other) then possibly boiling or melting points may be helpful (but not with saline and pure water which just makes a more dilute saline when mixed) However these can be carefully layered on top of each other such that the saline is below the purer water and this does occur in nature, underwater caves for example.

Low boiling point alcohols and water might be best separated from water by freezing (water will freeze leaving(hopefully) pure or more pure alcohol. Distillation may be a problem because of ‘fixed boiling point mixtures’ where the water will distil over with the alcohol at a certain concentration and thus dilute the alcohol and leave alcohol in the original solution. I think off hand its about 70% by volume in ethyl alcohol/water mixture.. Liquids of similar boiling/melting points may be difficult to separate, possibly low or high pressure distillations. If the liquids decompose with heat or pressure then chemical methods suitable to the individual liquids may be appropriate. Alternative solvents such as ether or chloroform might dissolve the one liquid in preference to the other and then distil off the ether /chloroform etc.

If the two liquids do not mix, e.g:- paraffin and water then it is easy just to allow the liquids to settle and decant, syphon or drain off the one liquid from the other.

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Answer 2

boil it upto temperature which is boiling of anyone of them