a complex of iron contain 45.6% iron mass calculate number of iron atom present in 15 .0g of this complex
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ExplanatioUnderstanding the Mole: The mole (often abbreviated as mol) listed above is a unit of measurement. If you sold eggs, you would talk about them in the dozens, not one by one.
A mole is a certain amount, too. If chemists want to speak about incredibly small atoms and molecules, an amount far greater than a dozen is needed. A mole is Avogadro’s number of items: 6.022 × 1023.
1 mole of Cu atoms = 6.022 × 1023 Cu atoms
1 mole of S atoms = 6.022 × 1023 S atoms
1 mole of Cu2S molecules = 6.022 × 1023 Cu2S molecules
1 mole of pennies = 6.022 × 1023 pennies
To give an idea of how large this number is, 1 mole of pennies would be enough money to pay all the expenses of each country on earth for about the next billion years.
Step 2: Find the Number of Moles
The example is 32.80 grams of Cu. Change that into moles using the molar mass you found in Step 1. Chemists use ratios for this calculation.
Start with what you know and add in the molar mass ratio, so the units will cancel:
32.80 g of Cu × 1 mol Cu / 63.55 g Cu = 0.52 mol of Cu
Step 3: Convert Moles to Atoms Using Avogadro’s Number
Once the amount of moles is known, the number of atoms in the formula may be calculated using Avogadro’s number. Again, use the ratio format.
Notice the number of moles is used from Step 2 to start the calculation from moles to atoms:
0.52 mol of Cu × 6.022 x 1023 atoms / 1 mol of Cu = 3.13 x 1023 molecules
To answer your example question, there are 3.13 × 1023 atoms in 32.80 grams of copper.
Steps 2 and 3 can be combined. Set it up like the following:
32.80 g of Cu × 1 mol Cu / 159.17 g Cu × 6.022 x 1023 atoms / 1 mol of Cu = 3.13 x 1023 atoms in 32.80 grams of copper
Several online sites have a number of atoms calculator. One is the Omni Calculator and is listed in the Resources section, but you’ll still need to know how to calculate molar mass (Step 1).
Historical Note: Why Is It Called Avogadro's Number?
Avogadro’s number is named after Amedeo Avogadro (1776-1856), an Italian scientist that hypothesized that equal volumes of gases at the same temperature and pressure will have the same number of particles.
Avogadro did not propose the constant, 6.022 ×1023, but because of his contributions to science, the constant was named after him. Incidentally, Avogadro first introduced his gas theory in 1811, and it was ignored for 50 years.n: