Question

a Explain the right to freedom of speech and expression
Or
b. Briefly explain any four writs which the courts can issue to protect the rights
of the citizens​

Answer 1

Freedom of Speech and expression means the right to express one's own convictions and opinions freely by words of mouth, writing, printing, pictures or any other mode. ... It also includes the right to propagate or publish the views of other people; otherwise this freedom would not include the freedom of press.

Writs are a written order from the Supreme Court or High Court that commands constitutional remedies for Indian Citizens against the violation of their fundamental rights. Article 32 in the Indian Constitution deals with constitutional remedies that an Indian citizen can seek from the Supreme Court and High Court against the violation of his/her fundamental rights. The same article gives the Supreme Court power to issue writs for the enforcement of rights whereas the High Court has the same power under Article 226. The writs- Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari, Quo Warranto, and Prohibition form an important topic for IAS Exam and its three stages- Prelims, Mains, and Interview.

This article will mention the types of writs that come under the original jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and High Courts, forming an important part of UPSC Mains GS-II and Political Science optional.