(a) Give the following reactions:
(i) Friedal Craft Alkylation
(ii) Wurtz Reaction
(iii) Polymerisation Reaction
(b) Explain why branched chain alkanes have lower boiling point than the straight
chain alkanes
Answers
Answer:
answer
Explanation:
1)Friedel-Crafts reaction is an organic coupling reaction involving an electrophilic aromatic substitution that is used for the attachment of substituents to aromatic rings. The two primary types of Friedel-Crafts reactions are the alkylation and acylation reactions. These reactions were developed in the year 1877 by the French chemist Charles Friedel and the American chemist James Crafts.
An illustration describing both the Friedel-Crafts reactions undergone by benzene
a(ii)Wurtz reaction aids in industrial preparation of alkanes. The method is used to prepare symmetrical alkanes, it is not used for asymmetrical alkanes. ... It is a method to synthesize higher alkanes by a reaction between alkyl halides and metallic sodium in the presence of dry ether.
example:
Wurtz's reaction is an organic chemical coupling reaction wherein sodium metal is reacted with two alkyl halides in the environment provided by a solution of dry ether in order to form a higher alkane along with a compound containing sodium and the halogen.
a(iii)polymer chemistry, polymerization (American English), or polymerisation (British English), is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains or three-dimensional networks. There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to categorize them.
example:
For example ethylene polymerizes to form polyethylene.
b)This is due to the fact that branching of the chain makes the molecule more compact and thereby decreases the surface area. ... Consequently, the boiling points of the branched chain alkanes are less than the straight chain isomers.
chain alkanes
The next simplest alkane is called ethane (C2H6) and consists of two carbon atoms with a single covalent bond between them. Each carbon is then able to bond to three hydrogen atoms. The alkane series progresses from there, increasing the length of the carbon chain by one carbon at a time. Structural formulas for ethane, propane (C3H8) , and butane (C4H10)
These alkanes are called straight-chain alkanes because the carbon atoms are connected in one continuous chain with no branches. Naming and writing structural and molecular formulas for the straight-chain alkanes is straightforward. The name of each alkane consists of a prefix that specifies the number of carbon atoms