Question

A Name the following:
1. The vein that carries oxygenated blood.
2. A lymphatic organ
3. The protein produced by certain white blood cells in response to a foreign substance.
4. The contraction phase of the heart.
5. Iron pigment present in erythrocytes.
B. Short answer questions :
N
1. What is Palpitation?
2 What is the location of Pulmonary semilunar valve?
3. What is Homeostasis?
4. Define Circulatory system,
5. What is Closed type of circulatory system?
6. Mention the difference between Lymphocytes and Monocytes.
7. Why does deoxygenated blood of the right side of the heart not mixes with the oxygenated blood of the left side of the
heart?
8. Mention the function of valves present in the heart.
9. Why do mature RBCs do not have nucleus in them?
10. Why do arteries have thick walls?
C. Long answer questions :
1. Explain with the help of a flow chart the systemic and pulmonary circulation in heart.
2. Mention any four functions of Lymph.
3. Write any six differences between Artery and Vein.
4. Describe the working of human heart,​

Answer 1

Answer:

A) 1) Pulmonary Vein

2) Spleen

3) Antibodies

4) systole

5) Hemoglobin

B) 1) Palpitation is the process of constant contractions and relaxations of heart.

2) They are present in systemic arch

3) It is the maintainance of body temperature, fluid.

4) The system that includes heart and the blood vessels that carries out the process of constant circulation within the body.

5) circulatory system consisting of complete blood vessels along with heart.

6) Lymphocytes produce immune cells whereas monocytes are small macrophages which destroy unwanted things present on blood.

7) Because of the presence of interventricular septum

8) Prevents backward flow of blood.

9) They lack nucleas, ER, mitochondria so as to have enough space to carry O2

10) Because they face constant pressure.

C) Long answers please do yourself!!!!!!

Answer 2

1. Pulmonary veins.
2. Thymus.
3. Lymphocytes.
4. Diastole and Systole Phases of the Cardiac Cycle.
5. Haemoglobin.

1. A sensation that the heart is racing, pounding, fluttering or skipping a beat, often bothersome, but hardly ever a sign of heart disease.
2. The pulmonary semilunar valve lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
3. In biology, homeostasis is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems. This is the condition of optimal functioning for the organism and includes many variables, such as body temperature and fluid balance, being kept within certain pre-set limits (homeostatic range).
4. The circulatory system is defined as the system that moves blood, oxygen and nutrients through the body. An example of the circulatory system is the functioning of the human heart, blood and blood vessels.
5. Closed circulatory systems (evolved in echinoderms and vertebrates) have the blood closed at all times within vessels of different size and wall thickness. In this type of system, blood is pumped by a heart through vessels, and does not normally fill body cavities.
6. Monocytes are large, spherical cells that make up 2 to 8% of circulating WBCs. Monocytes can enter peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages which can engulf large particles and pathogens. Lymphocytes , slightly larger than RBCs, make up 20 to 30% of circulating WBCs. They migrate in and out of the blood.
7. Because the left side contains oxygenated blood, there is no deoxygenated blood entering the systemic circulation. Instead, some oxygenated blood goes to the right side of the heart and travels through the lungs again.
8. There is a valve through which blood passes before leaving each chamber of the heart. The valves prevent the backward flow of blood. These valves are actual flaps that are located on each end of the two ventricles (lower chambers of the heart).
9. The absence of a nucleus is an adaptation of the red blood cell for its role. It allows the red blood cell to contain more haemoglobin and, therefore, carry more oxygen molecules. It also allows the cell to have its distinctive bi-concave shape which aids diffusion.
10. The thicker and more muscular walls of arteries help them to withstand and absorb the pressure waves which begin in the heart and are transmitted by the blood. ... They do not have the need for the strength and elasticity of the arteries, so the walls of the veins are thin and almost floppy.

1. Through the systemic circulation, oxygenated blood travels from the left side of the heart to the other areas of the body. ... This ensures that deoxygenated blood goes to the lungs through the pulmonary artery while the oxygenated blood from the aorta reaches the different organs and tissues.

• It keeps the body cells moist.
• It transports oxygen, hormones and nutrients to different parts of the body and removes metabolic waste from the cells.
• It transports antibodies and lymphocytes to the blood.
• Maintaining the composition of tissue fluid and the volume of blood.

3. The answer is given in the attachment.

4. First of all, all the deoxygenated blood from the body with the help of superior and inferior vena cava came in heart.

→ After it, it came in Right atrium and then Right ventricle.

→ Contraction of auricles derives most of the blood in into the ventricle. At the end of the auricular systole, auricles start relaxing and the contraction of the ventricles simultaneously.

→ As the contraction of the ventricles begins, the pressure of the blood in the auricles rises. With this pressure, the flaps of the auricular ventricular (A-V) valves are pushes up and meet to close the A-V apertures. This tight closure of the A-V valves at the start of the ventricular contraction produces the first heart beat, which is "Lub".

→ Now the ventricles start relaxing. The semilunar valve close as they get filled the blood trying to return and meet together, closing the outlets of the great arteries.

→ The closing of the semilunar valves at the start of diastole produces the second heart sound "Dup".

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