Question

a project report on water pollution in your locality ​

Answer 1

Answer:

A main source of pollution is raw or partially treated sewage discharged into rivers, lakes and streams. The discharge of huge quantities of municipal and domestic wastes and sewage pollute many water bodies. ... Waste containing toxic substances damage biological activity and kill useful organisms.

Explanation:

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Answer 2

Introduction :

Water is one of the renewable resources essential for sustaining all forms of life, food production, economic development, and for general well being. It is impossible to substitute for most of its uses, difficult to de pollute, expensive to transport, and it is truly a unique gift to mankind from nature. Water is also one of the most manageable natural resources as it is capable of diversion, transport, storage, and recycling. All these properties impart to water its great utility for human beings. The surface water and groundwater resources of the country play a major role in agriculture, hydropower generation, livestock production, industrial activities, forestry, fisheries, navigation, recreational activities etc. The freshwater ecosystems of the world comprise only about 0.5% of the earth’s surface and have a volume of 2.84x105 Km3. Rivers constitute an insignificant amount (0.1%) of the land surface. Only 0.01% of the waters of the earth occur in river channels.India is gifted with river system comprising more than 20 major rivers with several tributaries. Thus, India supports about 1/6th of world population, 1/50th of world’s land and 1/25th of world’s water resources .

In the last few decades, there has been a tremendous increase in the demand for freshwater due to rapid growth of population and the accelerated pace of industrialization (Ramakrishnaiah et al., 2009). Human health is threatened by most of the agricultural development activities particularly in relation to excessive application of fertilizers and unsanitary conditions. Anthropogenic activities related to extensive urbanization, agricultural practices, industrialization, and population expansion have led to water quality deterioration in many parts of the world (Baig et al. 2009, Mian et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2010). In addition, deficient water resources have increasingly restrained water pollution control and water quality improvement. Water pollution has been a research focus for government and scientists. Therefore, protecting river water quality is extremely urgent because of serious water pollution and global scarcity of water resources.

Sources of water pollution:

Water pollution can occur from two sources. 1. Point source and 2. Non-point source. Point sources of pollution are those which have direct identifiable source. Example includes pipe attached to a factory, oil spill from a tanker, effluents coming out from industries and storm sewer discharge and affect mostly the area near it. Whereas non-point sources of pollution are those which arrive from different sources of origin and number of ways by which contaminants enter into groundwater or surface water and arrive in the environment from different non identifiable sources. Examples are runoff from agricultural fields, urban waste etc. Sometimes pollution that enters the environment in one place has an effect hundreds or even thousands of miles away. This is known as transboundary pollution. One example is the radioactive waste that travels through the oceans from nuclear reprocessing plants to nearby countries. Water pollutants may be
i)Organic and ii)Inorganic water pollutant.

1. Organic water pollutants: They comprise of insecticides and herbicides, organohalides and other forms of chemicals; bacteria from sewage and livestocks farming; food processing wastes;organic compounds etc.
2. Inorganic water pollutants: They may arise from heavy metals from acid mine drainage; silt from surface run-off, logging, slash and burning practices and land filling; fertilizers from agricultural run-off which include nitrates and phosphates etc. and chemical waste from industrial effluents.



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