A radioactive substance decays according to the law
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A radioactive substance decays according to the law where P(t) is the amount present at time t and k > 0 is a constant (decay constant). a) The half-life L of a radioactive material is the time taken to decay to one half of the initial amount.
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Radioactive elements are unstable and emit radiation in the form of alfa beta and gamma rays.What I mean by elements are unstable is that the nucleus of the atom is unstable,The nucleons(protons and neutrons) are held together by a force called strong nuclear force(the strongest force in nature).even though it is the strongest in nature its range is very small.
Elements like Uranium and plutonium are so heavy that the nucleons are under a lot of strain (heavy due to a large number of nucleons). So if naturally or forcibly you try to force a neutron(neutrons do not have a charge and thus only neutrons can be used) into the nucleus,Instability increases even further causing the nucleus to rip itself into 2 loosing a bit of mass.(the mass lost is converted into energy,basically law of conservation of energy and mass are incomplete which is resolved by E=MC squared) there fore the small mass lost multiplied by large number squared(c=speed of light)gives untold quantities of energy.
Therefore this way radioactive isotopes of certain elements which have a good half life(time required for a radio active sample to reduce to half of its initial mass- example-if half life is 3 hours then for a radio active isotope of mass 1 kg to become 1/2 kg it takes 3 hours and then from 1/2 kg to become 1/4th kg it takes another 3 hours) ,we can utilise the energy which is forced out using nuclear fission reaction for many applications.
1)electricity generation using uranium(half life-4.5 billion years) or thorium (14.05 billion years)
2)technetium 99m(half life-6 hours) is used to detect and treat cancer.
and many more.
for a proper and complete explanation i would recon you watch the documentary called -uranium:twisting the dragons tail by Derek(who is a physicist and a youtuber)
this documentary really explains most of what you need to know about radioactivity.
Hope this helped,sorry for the long explanation just wanted to try and give the full gist of the topic instead of just answering to the points you asked for.
thanks
mark as braintlist answer
here is your answer
Radioactive elements are unstable and emit radiation in the form of alfa beta and gamma rays.What I mean by elements are unstable is that the nucleus of the atom is unstable,The nucleons(protons and neutrons) are held together by a force called strong nuclear force(the strongest force in nature).even though it is the strongest in nature its range is very small.
Elements like Uranium and plutonium are so heavy that the nucleons are under a lot of strain (heavy due to a large number of nucleons). So if naturally or forcibly you try to force a neutron(neutrons do not have a charge and thus only neutrons can be used) into the nucleus,Instability increases even further causing the nucleus to rip itself into 2 loosing a bit of mass.(the mass lost is converted into energy,basically law of conservation of energy and mass are incomplete which is resolved by E=MC squared) there fore the small mass lost multiplied by large number squared(c=speed of light)gives untold quantities of energy.
Therefore this way radioactive isotopes of certain elements which have a good half life(time required for a radio active sample to reduce to half of its initial mass- example-if half life is 3 hours then for a radio active isotope of mass 1 kg to become 1/2 kg it takes 3 hours and then from 1/2 kg to become 1/4th kg it takes another 3 hours) ,we can utilise the energy which is forced out using nuclear fission reaction for many applications.
1)electricity generation using uranium(half life-4.5 billion years) or thorium (14.05 billion years)
2)technetium 99m(half life-6 hours) is used to detect and treat cancer.
and many more.
for a proper and complete explanation i would recon you watch the documentary called -uranium:twisting the dragons tail by Derek(who is a physicist and a youtuber)
this documentary really explains most of what you need to know about radioactivity.
Hope this helped,sorry for the long explanation just wanted to try and give the full gist of the topic instead of just answering to the points you asked for.
thanks
mark as braintlist answer
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