Question

A rising sense of nationalism in China was a reaction to

Answer 1

A rising sense of nationalism in China was a reaction to the strong foreign influence in China

Answer 2

Answer is 'foreign influence in China'.

More details:

In earlier days, China had been more influenced by foreign countries in terms of trade, especially European nations. Spheres of influence in China were formed.

Chinese lacked interest to use European products and hence emperors involved in Isolationism.

This lead to rise in sense of nationalism (i.e.) extreme patriotism in China. Chinese Nationalism was a reaction to its increased foreign influence.