(a) Select the homologous structures from the combinations given below :
(i) Forelimbs of whales and bats
(ii) Tuber of potato and sweet potato
(iii) Eyes of octopus and mammals
(iv) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita
(b) State the kind of evolution they represent.
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
(a) Organs which are similar in basic structure and have a common origin but perform different functions are called homologous structures.
(i) Forelimbs of whale and bats have same basic structure but are used for different functions i.e. swimming and flying respectively. So they are homologous.
(ii) Tuber of potato is an example of stem modification while the tuber of sweet potato is an example of root modification. But their function is same i.e food storage, Therefore, they are analogous.
(iii) Eyes of octopus and mammals are analogous because they have different basic structures but their function is same.
(iv) Thorns of Bougainvillea and tendrils of Cucurbita are performing different functios i.e. protection and climbing respectively but both are stem modifications. Therefore they are homologous.
(b) This type of evolution is called divergent evolution because the origin of homologous organs are same but they diverged into different directions to perform different functions.