Question

(a) The pH values of six solutions A to F are given below
A = 0, B = 11, C = 6, D = 3, E = 13, F = 8
Which of the above solutions are (i) acids (ii) alkalis?
(b) Name the acids or alkalis used to make (i) car batteries (ii) explosives (iii) soaps (iv) fertilisers.

Answer 1

(a) (i) Acids are solution A (pH=0), C (pH = 6) and D (pH = 3); (ii) Alkalis are solution E (pH = 13), B (pH = 11) and F (pH = 8).

(b) (i) Sulphuric acid is used in car batteries; (ii) Ammonium nitrate is used in explosives; (iii) NaOH and HCl is present in soaps; (iv) Acid HCl is used in fertilisers.

Explanation:

• pH denotes the hydrogen ion concentration. It is the measure to the identify solution’s alkalinity and acidity. If the pH lies between 0 and 7, then the solution is acidic. If the pH lies between 7 to 14, then the solution is basic or alkaline.
• Sulphuric acid has a pH of around 0.8 and this is present in car batteries. The acid-base reaction of nitric acid with ammonia forms ammonium nitrate, which is used in explosives.
• Washing soda is derived from sodium hydroxide and hydrochloric acid, which is used in soaps. HCl in the fertilizers reacts with water to form H+ ions.

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Answer 2

Answer:

(a) (i) Acids are solution A (pH=0), C (pH = 6) and D (pH = 3); (ii) Alkalis are solution E (pH = 13), B (pH = 11) and F (pH = 8).

(b)Acid used in car batteries is H2SO4.

Acid used in explosives is HNO3.

Alkali used in making soaps is Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide.

Acids used in fertilizers is sulphuric acid and nitric acid