A uniform vertical tube of circular cross section contains a liquid. The contact angle is 90°. Consider a diameter of the tube lying in the surface of the liquid. The surface to the right of this diameter pulls the surface on the left of it. What keeps the surface on the left in equilibrium?
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Explanation:
- Let the diameter considered be AB as shown in the figure above Owing to surface tension, the surface to the right of AB pulls the surface to the left of AB (say by a total force = F).
- The tube's semicircular walls in contact with the surface to the left of AB also pull it with net force F towards the left.
- So two equal and opposite forces pull the semicircular surface ABD, making the net force on it zero.
- So that remains in balance.
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