a) Why was the Australian land used for prisoners ?
Answers
Answer:
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Explanation:
Between 1788 and 1868, about 162,000 convicts were transported from Britain and Ireland to various penal colonies in Australia. ... When transportation ended with the start of the American Revolution, an alternative site was needed to relieve further overcrowding of British prisons and hulks.
Answer:
According to Ernest Scott (1868-1939), the professor of history in the University of Melbourne in a book "A Short History of Australia", Australia's US Mayfair equivalent event looked something like this:
On May 13, 1787, the ‘First Fleet ‘sailed from England. It consisted of the ships SIRIUS, the SUPPLY, three store ships, and six transports carrying the convicts: eleven vessels in all. Phillip arrived in Botany Bay on January 18, 1788, and two days later the whole of the ships were safely at anchor there.
The total company which arrived was over 1,000. The staff of officers, marines, and extra hands, with women and children, numbered 290, and the convicts who reached Botany Bay were 717, of whom 520 were males. This was the stock with which the new colony was settled.
‘The Australia Solution’ was a concept conceived and enacted by politicians in England in the 1780′s who were forced to deal with their overcrowding and ‘wretchedly insanitary’ goals. To the pressured politicians, it seemed that ‘The Australia Solution’ would eradicate England’s convict problems forever, because it called for 80 years of systematic transportation of 160,000 of them to a land down-under, some 13,000 km away.
In terms of nationalities, the vast majority of the convicts to Australia were English and Welsh (70%), Irish (24%) or Scottish (5%), although some convicts had been sent from various British outposts such as India and Canada. There were also Maoris from New Zealand, Chinese from Hong Kong and slaves from the Caribbean