about khilafat movement
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Khilafat movement, force that arose in India in the early 20th century as a result of Muslim fears for theintegrity of Islam. These fears were aroused by Italian (1911) and Balkan (1912–13) attacks on Turkey—whose sultan, as caliph, was the religious head of the worldwide Muslim community—and by Turkish defeats in World War I. They were intensified by the Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920), which not only detached all non-Turkish regions from the empire but also gave parts of the Turkish homeland to Greece and other non-Muslim powers.
A campaign in defense of the caliph was launched, led in India by the brothers Shaukat and Muḥammad ʿAlī and by Abul Kalam Azad. The leaders joined forces with Mahatma Gandhi’s noncooperation movementfor Indian freedom, promising nonviolence in return for his support of the Khilafat movement. In 1920 the latter movement was marred by theḥijrat, or exodus, from India to Afghanistan of about 18,000 Muslim peasants, who felt that India was an apostate land. It was also tarnished by the Muslim Moplah rebellion in south India (Malabar) in 1921, the excesses of which deeply stirred Hindu India. Gandhi’s suspension of his movement and his arrest in March 1922 weakened the Khilafat movement still further. It was further undermined when Mustafa KemalAtatürk drove the Greeks from western Asia Minor in 1922 and deposed the Turkish sultan in the same year; it finally collapsed when he abolished the caliphate altogether in 1924.
A campaign in defense of the caliph was launched, led in India by the brothers Shaukat and Muḥammad ʿAlī and by Abul Kalam Azad. The leaders joined forces with Mahatma Gandhi’s noncooperation movementfor Indian freedom, promising nonviolence in return for his support of the Khilafat movement. In 1920 the latter movement was marred by theḥijrat, or exodus, from India to Afghanistan of about 18,000 Muslim peasants, who felt that India was an apostate land. It was also tarnished by the Muslim Moplah rebellion in south India (Malabar) in 1921, the excesses of which deeply stirred Hindu India. Gandhi’s suspension of his movement and his arrest in March 1922 weakened the Khilafat movement still further. It was further undermined when Mustafa KemalAtatürk drove the Greeks from western Asia Minor in 1922 and deposed the Turkish sultan in the same year; it finally collapsed when he abolished the caliphate altogether in 1924.
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The khilaphat movement:
the khilafat movement (1919-1924)
was an agitation by Indian Muslims
allied with Indian nationalism in the
years following world war - I.
It's purpose was to pressure the British
government to preserve the authority
of the Ottoman Sultan as caliph of
Islam following the breakup of the
Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
Integral to this was Indian Muslims
desire to influence
the khilafat movement (1919-1924)
was an agitation by Indian Muslims
allied with Indian nationalism in the
years following world war - I.
It's purpose was to pressure the British
government to preserve the authority
of the Ottoman Sultan as caliph of
Islam following the breakup of the
Ottoman Empire at the end of the war.
Integral to this was Indian Muslims
desire to influence
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