Question

access the importance of petroleum on the basis of its wide range of applications

Answer 1

Petroleum or crude oil is first extracted from the source. Then by going under a process called 'fractional distillation', petroleum products are made.

Petroleum products and thier uses -

1. Residual oil - It is further separated into following products :

( i ) Asphalt : The primary use (70%) of asphalt is in road construction, where it is used as the glue or binder mixed with aggregate particles to create asphalt concrete. Its other main uses are for bituminous waterproofing products, including production of roofing felt and for sealing flat roofs.

( ii ) Paraffin wax : It can also be used to provide pain relief to sore joints and muscles. Paraffin wax has many other uses, too. It's often used as lubrication, electrical insulation, and to make candles and crayons.

( iii ) Lubricating oil : Lubricating oil. Lubricating oil, sometimes simply called lubricant/lube, is a class of oils used to reduce the friction, heat, and wear between mechanical components that are in contact with each other. Lubricating oil is used in motorized vehicles, where it is known specifically as motor oil and transmission fluid.

2. Fuel oil -  Uses include heating up homes and fuel trucks to lighting up furnaces, producing steam for industrial uses and for generating electric energy. It is produced from the burnable liquids derived from crude oil.

3. Diesel - Diesel engines are commonly used as mechanical engines, power generators and in mobile drives. They find wide spread use in locomotives, construction equipment, automobiles, and countless industrial applications.

4. Kerosene - Kerosene is widely used to power jet engines of aircraft (jet fuel) and some rocket engines and is also commonly used as a cooking and lighting fuel and for fire toys such as poi.

5. Naptha - Naphtha is a flammable liquid made from distilling petroleum. It looks like gasoline. Naphtha is used to dilute heavy oil to help move it through pipelines, to make high-octane gas, to make lighter fluid, and even to clean metal.

6. Gasoline or Petrol - Today, petroleum is mostly used as a source of energy, being rich in combustible carbon in the production of electricity or running some sorts of heat engines. It is also used for 'dry cleaning' of clothes. Highly refined petrol is used as a fuel in areoplanes.

7. Petroleum Gas - Liquefied petroleum gas or liquid petroleum gas (LPG or LP gas), also referred to as simply propane or butane, are flammable mixtures of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in heating appliances, cooking equipment, and vehicles.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Petroleum is a fossil fuel formed under the earth, from the remains of ancient plants and marine life.

Petroleum products touch our everyday life such as in fuels for vehicles, in heat and electricity generation, in the manufacture of different types of plastics, detergents and other compounds.  

However, petroleum reserves are limited and it need to be used with caution. The use of petroleum products also raises many environmental concerns and global warming.