According to kautilya what were the duties of the king?
Answers
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Kautilya’s views on kingship is like that of the philosopher king of Plato. The king should have the best qualities of both head and heart.
The entire Arthashastra is addressed to the king, the sole ruler of the state. Kautilya was of the opinion that the people were oppressed by the law of fishes or Matsyayana according to which the bigger fish swallows the smaller one. At this point of time, God made the king the first of its kind and called him Manu.
It was also decided that the king would receive one-sixth part of the grains and one-tenth of goods and money as his share from his subjects. This measure was adopted in order to ensure the well-being of the subjects.
Thus, Kautilya attributed a divine status to the first king on earth. These kings were stated to have occupied the role of Gods like Indra and Yama on earth. Punishment was given to those who exhibited their disrespect towards the king. According to Kautilya, a king who is in the making must observe celibacy till the age of 16. He should be well trained in the art of ruling by the aged teachers or gurus.
The king should be well- acquainted with all forms of martial arts and he must shun the six vices of human beings, namely, lust, anger, greed, attachment, jealousy and pride. In other words, Kautilya’s king is like that of the philosopher king of Plato. The king should have the best qualities of both head and heart.
The first and the foremost responsibility of the king is to protect the life and property of his subjects. It is also the duty of the king to save the people from anti-social elements and also from natural calamities such as fire, floods, earthquakes and the like. It is widely believed that the happiness of the king lies in the happiness of his subjects.
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