according to koontz o Donnell the organisation steps are
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The management theory of Koontz and O’Donnell consists of (1) planning; (2) organising; (3) staffing; (4) direction; and (5) control. They explained the planning of management as decision-making. Planning is an intellectual process, a conscious determination of course of action, and the basing of decision on purpose, facts and considered estimates. They explained four concrete reasons for prioritising the planning function:
1. To offset uncertainty and change: Future uncertainty and change make planning a necessity.
2. To focus attention on objectives: All planning should be directed toward achieving enterprise objectives.
3. To gain economical operation: Planning minimises costs because of the emphasis on efficient operation and consistency.
4. To facilitate control: A manager needs to focus on looking to the future (Koontz & O’Donnell, 1960, p. 81).
They also discussed (1) the nature and purposes of planning; (2) the steps to build a management plan; and (3) the idea of prioritising efficiency. Prioritising planning led to the importance of strategic planning and strategic management in modern administration.
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