Question

Advantages of agrobacterium mediated gene transfer

Answer 1

Answer:

Agrobacterium is the natural means of genetic engineering since it has the potential to transfer a part of its DNA into the genome of the plant and uses the plant to provide nutrients for its survival.            

Explanation:

• Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a rod-shaped, soil-borne gram-negative bacterium.

• It invades many dicot plants when they are injured at the soil level and is the natural causative agent that causes crown gall disease.

• The ability to cause crown gall disease is associated with the presence of the Ti (tumour inducing) plasmid within the bacterial cell.

• Ti plasmid can be used to transport new genes into plant cells.

• Because it is capable of interkingdom DNA transfer, so it can carry, transfer, and integrate a desired gene of interest into the plant genome.

• In the development of transgenic plants, this system allows plants to stably harbour and pass a particular gene of interest to the next generations relatively quicker than by using the more traditional plant breeding method.

• This Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer method is relatively inexpensive and easy to perform. In addition, it provides a convenient way to screen and select the transformed plant tissues.

• Transformation using this organism has its advantage in the identification of transgenic expression.
• The presence of gall represents the manifestation of transfer and expression of additional DNA acting as a plant factories/ molecular farming in plant cells.

• The application of this method is found both for scientific and commercial purposes.

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Answer 2

The highly effective transformation process known as Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer in plants is controlled by a number of variables, such as the genotype of the host plant, the explant, the vector, the plasmid, the bacterial strain, the composition of the culture medium, tissue damage, and the temperature of co-cultivation. Transgenic plants have been produced using Agrobacterium, nature's genetic engineer.

Advantages of Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer:

• The transfer of pieces of DNA with defined ends and minimal rearrangement.
• The transfer of relatively large segments of DNA.
• The integration of small numbers of copies of genes into plant chromosomes.
• The high quality and fertility of transgenic plants.
• The transformants are mitotically and meiotically stable.
• Adaptable to different cell types, and culture procedures (protoplasts, tissue sections, “non-culture” methods).