Question

Although nh3 group is an ortho para directing yet the nitration of aniline gives meta nitro product in substantial amount meritnation

Answer 1

In aniline, the NH₂ group acts as a bronsted base so it accepts H⁺ from HNO₃ to become Benzene-NH₃⁺ . Now in this NH₃⁺ does not have any +M effect. It has only -I effect, this means that addition of NO₂⁺ will be according to -I effect of NH₃⁺. At ortho position -I effect is maximum and at para position -I effect is minimum, so the cation NO₂⁺ is more likely to go to para and then meta rather than ortho. This is why m-Nitoaniline is very significant in amount.

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