Question

Aluminium is usually found in +3 oxidation state. In contrast, thallium exists in +1 and +3 oxidation states. This is due to (A) inert pair effect (B) diagonal relationship
(C) lattice effect (D) lanthanoid contraction
[JEE Main 2019]

Answer 1

ANSWER

inert pair effect

SOLUTION

Inert pair effect is the prominent character of the p-block element.

In this, the high molecular weight element of the group show a lower oxidation state.

This is because on going down the group, the shielding effect increases, but d-subshell and f-subshell show poor shielding effect.

The high molecular weight members of p-block groups contain d-subshell and f-subshell.

Because of this, they show a lower oxidation state.

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