Amoeba ke sath Sab Kuchh bare mein written mein English language
Answers
Answer:
Recent classification places the various amoeboid genera in the following groups:
Supergroups Major groups and genera Morphology
Amoebozoa
Lobosa:
Acanthamoeba, Amoeba, Balamuthia, Chaos, Clydonella, Discamoeba, Echinamoeba, Filamoeba, Flabellula, Gephyramoeba, Glaeseria, Hartmannella, Hydramoeba, Korotnevella (Dactylamoeba), Leptomyxa, Lingulamoeba, Mastigina, Mayorella, Metachaos, Neoparamoeba, Paramoeba, Polychaos, Phreatamoeba, Platyamoeba, Protoacanthamoeba, Rhizamoeba, Saccamoeba, Sappinia, Stereomyxa, Thecamoeba, Trichamoeba, Trichosphaerium, Unda, Vannella, Vexillifera
Conosa: Endamoeba, Entamoeba, Hyperamoeba, Mastigamoeba, Mastigella, Pelomyxa, Dictyostelium, Physarum
Lobose pseudopods (Lobosa): Lobose pseudopods are blunt, and there may be one or several on a cell, which is usually divided into a layer of clear ectoplasm surrounding more granular endoplasm.
Rhizaria
Cercozoa:
Filosa:
Monadofilosa: Gyromitus, Paulinella
Granofilosea
Chlorarachniophyceae
Endomyxa:
Proteomyxidea: Vampyrella
Gromiidea
Foraminifera
Radiolaria
Filose pseudopods (Filosa): Filose pseudopods are narrow and tapering. The vast majority of filose amoebae, including all those that produce shells, are placed within the Cercozoa together with various flagellates that tend to have amoeboid forms. The naked filose amoebae also includes vampyrellids.
Reticulose pseudopods (Endomyxa): Reticulose pseudopods are cytoplasmic strands that branch and merge to form a net. They are found most notably among the Foraminifera, a large group of marine protists that generally produce multi-chambered shells. There are only a few sorts of naked reticulose amoebas, notably the gymnophryids, and their relationships are not certain.
Radiolarians are a subgroup of actinopods that are now grouped with rhizarians.
Excavata
Heterolobosea:
Vahlkampfiidae: Monopylocystis, Naegleria, Neovahlkampfia, Paratetramitus, Paravahlkampfia, Psalteriomonas, Sawyeria, Tetramitus, Vahlkampfia, Willaertia
Gruberellidae: Gruberella, Stachyamoeba
Parabasalidea: Dientamoeba, Histomonas
Other: Rosculus, Acrasis, Heteramoeba, Learamoeba, Stygamoeba, Plaesiobystra,[50] Tulamoeba[50]
The Heterolobosea, includes protists that can transform between amoeboid and flagellate forms.
Heterokonta
Chrysophyceae: Chrysamoeba, Rhizochrysis
Xanthophyceae: Rhizochloris
Labyrinthulomycetes
The heterokont chrysophyte and xanthophyte algae includes some amoeboid members, the latter being poorly studied.[51]
Alveolata
Dinoflagellata: Dinamoeba, Pfiesteria
Parasite with amoeboid life cycle stages.
Opisthokonta
Nucleariida: Micronuclearia, Nuclearia
Nucleariids appear to be close relatives of animals and fungi.
Ungrouped/
unknown
Adelphamoeba, Astramoeba, Cashia, Dinamoeba, Flagellipodium, Flamella, Gibbodiscus, Gocevia, Hollandella, Iodamoeba, Malamoeba, Nollandia, Oscillosignum, Paragocevia, Parvamoeba, Pernina, Pontifex, Protonaegleria, Pseudomastigamoeba, Rugipes, Striamoeba, Striolatus, Subulamoeba, Theratromyxa, Trienamoeba, Trimastigamoeba, Vampyrellium, and about 50 other genera[52]
Some of the amoeboid groups cited (e.g., part of chrysophytes, part of xanthophytes, chlorarachniophytes) were not traditionally included in Sarcodina, being classified as algae or flagellated protozoa.
An amoeba (/əˈmiːbə/; rarely spelled amœba; plural am(o)ebas or am(o)ebae /əˈmiːbi/),[1] often called amoeboid, is a type of cell or unicellular organism which has the ability to alter its shape, primarily by extending and retracting pseudopods.[2] Amoebas do not form a single taxonomic group; instead, they are found in every major lineage of eukaryotic organisms. Amoeboid cells occur not only among the protozoa, but also in fungi, algae, and animals.[3][4][5][6][7][non-primary source needed]
Microbiologists often use the terms "amoeboid" and "amoeba" interchangeably for any organism that exhibits amoeboid movement.[8][9]
In older classification systems, most amoebas were placed in the class or subphylum Sarcodina, a grouping of single-celled organisms that possess pseudopods or move by protoplasmic flow. However, molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Sarcodina is not a monophyletic group whose members share common descent. Consequently, amoeboid organisms are no longer classified together in one group.[10]
The best known amoeboid protists are the "giant amoebae" Chaos carolinense and Amoeba proteus, both of which have been widely cultivated and studied in classrooms and laboratories.[11][12] Other well known species include the so-called "brain-eating amoeba" Naegleria fowleri, the intestinal parasite Entamoeba histolytica, which causes amoebic dysentery, and the multicellular "social amoeba" or slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum.