an article of national integration of India
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National Integration:
The first National Integration Council of India in 1961, while declaring its objectives has expressed the scope of National Integration as a psychological and educational process involving the development of a feeling of unity, solidarity and cohesion in the hearts of the people and also a sense of common citizenship and a feeling of loyalty to the Nation.
National integration implies two strategies-creating a sense of territorial nationality along with a national culture which overshadows or eliminates subordinate parochial loyalties. It stands for the process of “national assimilation”. Another one is having unity in diversity by consolidating the national loyalties without eliminating subordinate culture. But in some countries majority groups may able to impose their culture over the minority groups to bring national integration.
National integration as a comprehensive affair has several dimensions like political, social, economic, cultural, ethical and psychological dimensions.
1. Political integration implies a strong territorial unity and the establishment of a national or central authority over all regions.
2. Since the poverty stricken and down trodden people cannot understand the significance of national integration, united efforts should be made against poverty, hunger and unemployment.
3. On social front, national integration requires the availability of social justice. All people should enjoy the boons of liberty and equality. It also fights against racial or communal segregation and brings national unity and integrity.
4. Ethically, national integration requires that sanctity of the value system of the people should be maintained. The value system of a country should be dynamic to absorb the new trends of the changing time.
5. On the cultural front, national integration demands that the people should have the freedom to preserve their distinct identity in respect of their language, custom, value system, beliefs etc.
6. On the emotional or psychological front, national integration desires passionate attachment of the people with their flag, national anthem, symbols, myths, great figures, slogans etc. People have strong emotions arising out of their sense of involvement and love for their country. Teachings of mythological scripts and epics also generate a deep sense of love and emotional attachment for their country’s cultural unity and cultural heritage.
All these dimensions as a whole promote and preserve national unity and the divisive forces of any sort are not allowed to have their way.
National Integration in India:
National integration is highly important in a country like India due to her multi-religious, multi-lingual, multi-caste and multi regional set up. Integration cannot be possible through absorption and assimilation; rather attempts should be made to promote unity in diversity. A harmonious and willing integration of the people is desirable through which the evils of communalism, casteism, racialism, linguism and tribalism can be subordinated to the over-all interest of the nation as a whole.
For India’s plural socio-political order and multi-culturalism, some authors like John Strachery pointed out that India has never been a country in any European standard. But this was contested by a group of eminent Indian scholars like Shri Aurobindo, Vivekananda etc. The fact has been analyzed by Vincent Smith in a compromising tone that India maintains “unity in diversity”. The British Government helped in making India as a nation with territorial unification, common administration with uniform civil and criminal laws and introduction of modern means of communication.
The makers of the Indian constitution were well aware of India’s cultural diversities and were shocked with the communal tensions of the immediate past of independent India. They have put emphasis on “Unity and Integrity of the Nation” and highlighted this principle in the preamble of the constitution. But India has been victimized of communal violence, intra-regional conflict, religious fanaticism, militant organisations and linguistic hysteria